Table 3.
Indicators (N = 342) used in published articles which included an infectious disease mathematical model with social vulnerability incorporated
| COVID-19 | 81 | 100.0% |
| Social determinants of health | 31 | 38.3% |
| Medical capacity | 6 | 19.4% |
| Population density | 4 | 12.9% |
| Access to healthcare | 3 | 9.7% |
| Health risk | 3 | 9.7% |
| Access to water | 2 | 6.5% |
| Employment | 2 | 6.5% |
| Income | 2 | 6.5% |
| Poverty | 2 | 6.5% |
| Sanitation | 2 | 6.5% |
| Socioeconomic status | 2 | 6.5% |
| Access to food | 1 | 3.2% |
| Access to housing | 1 | 3.2% |
| Household size/ composition | 1 | 3.2% |
| Contact and movement behaviour | 16 | 19.8% |
| Contact | 12 | 75.0% |
| Movement | 4 | 25.0% |
| Demographics | 15 | 18.5% |
| Age | 12 | 80.0% |
| Sex | 2 | 13.3% |
| Race | 1 | 6.7% |
| Geographic location | 9 | 11.1% |
| County | 2 | 22.2% |
| Region | 2 | 22.2% |
| Census block | 1 | 11.1% |
| Cluster | 1 | 11.1% |
| District | 1 | 11.1% |
| Neighbourhood | 1 | 11.1% |
| Province | 1 | 11.1% |
| Knowledge, attitudes, and practices | 7 | 8.6% |
| Adherence to non-pharmaceutical interventions | 3 | 42.9% |
| Adherence to social distancing | 3 | 42.9% |
| Knowledge | 1 | 14.3% |
| Vulnerable populations | 2 | 2.5% |
| Nationality | 1 | 50.0% |
| Poverty | 1 | 50.0% |
| Culture | 1 | 1.2% |
| Civic capital | 1 | 100.0% |
| HIV/AIDS | 78 | 100.0% |
| Knowledge, attitudes, and practices | 24 | 30.8% |
| Condom use | 5 | 20.8% |
| Number of sexual partners | 4 | 16.7% |
| Adherence to treatment | 2 | 8.3% |
| Circumcision | 2 | 8.3% |
| HIV testing | 2 | 8.3% |
| Injection sharing and hygiene | 2 | 8.3% |
| Sexual behaviour | 2 | 8.3% |
| Information and education campaign | 1 | 4.2% |
| Knowledge | 1 | 4.2% |
| Relationship duration | 1 | 4.2% |
| Treatment use | 1 | 4.2% |
| Type of sexual act | 1 | 4.2% |
| Social determinants of health | 16 | 20.5% |
| Poverty | 3 | 18.8% |
| Relationship type | 3 | 18.8% |
| Choice class | 2 | 12.5% |
| Access to treatment | 1 | 6.3% |
| Drug and alcohol abuse | 1 | 6.3% |
| Education | 1 | 6.3% |
| Health risk | 1 | 6.3% |
| HIV status | 1 | 6.3% |
| Malnutrition | 1 | 6.3% |
| Marital status | 1 | 6.3% |
| Medical capacity | 1 | 6.3% |
| Demographics | 15 | 19.2% |
| Sex | 10 | 66.7% |
| Age | 4 | 26.7% |
| Race | 1 | 6.7% |
| Vulnerable populations | 11 | 14.1% |
| Men who have sex with men | 4 | 36.4% |
| Female sex workers | 3 | 27.3% |
| People who inject drugs | 2 | 18.2% |
| Poverty | 2 | 18.2% |
| Contact and movement behaviour | 9 | 11.5% |
| Contact | 9 | 100.0% |
| Geographic location | 3 | 3.8% |
| County | 1 | 33.3% |
| Location | 1 | 33.3% |
| Urban vs rural | 1 | 33.3% |
| Influenza | 76 | 100.0% |
| Social determinants of health | 26 | 34.2% |
| Household size/ composition | 7 | 26.9% |
| Health risk | 3 | 11.5% |
| Employment | 2 | 7.7% |
| Income | 2 | 7.7% |
| Population density | 2 | 7.7% |
| Age gaps between household members | 1 | 3.8% |
| Age of the head of the household | 1 | 3.8% |
| Disease risk | 1 | 3.8% |
| Education enrolment | 1 | 3.8% |
| Educational system | 1 | 3.8% |
| Marital status | 1 | 3.8% |
| Poverty | 1 | 3.8% |
| Relationship to the head of the household | 1 | 3.8% |
| SEIFA indexa | 1 | 3.8% |
| Social deprivation index | 1 | 3.8% |
| Demographics | 21 | 27.6% |
| Age | 15 | 71.4% |
| Sex | 5 | 23.8% |
| Race | 1 | 4.8% |
| Contact and movement behaviour | 17 | 22.4% |
| Contact | 13 | 76.5% |
| Movement | 4 | 23.5% |
| Geographic location | 8 | 10.5% |
| Neighbourhood | 2 | 25.0% |
| Poverty | 2 | 25.0% |
| Region | 2 | 25.0% |
| Census tract | 1 | 12.5% |
| County | 1 | 12.5% |
| Knowledge, attitudes, and practices | 3 | 3.9% |
| Adherence to non-pharmaceutical interventions | 1 | 33.3% |
| Adherence to social distancing | 1 | 33.3% |
| School attendance | 1 | 33.3% |
| Vulnerable populations | 1 | 1.3% |
| Pregnancy | 1 | 100.0% |
| Disease X | 39 | 100.0% |
| Social determinants of health | 17 | 43.6% |
| Employment | 3 | 17.6% |
| Household size/ composition | 2 | 11.8% |
| Medical capacity | 2 | 11.8% |
| Migration | 2 | 11.8% |
| Socioeconomic status | 2 | 11.8% |
| Access to healthcare | 2 | 11.8% |
| Household type | 1 | 5.9% |
| Income | 1 | 5.9% |
| Medical hygiene | 1 | 5.9% |
| Poverty | 1 | 5.9% |
| Contact and movement behaviour | 6 | 15.4% |
| Contact | 4 | 66.7% |
| Movement | 2 | 33.3% |
| Demographics | 5 | 12.8% |
| Age | 2 | 40.0% |
| Sex | 2 | 40.0% |
| Race | 1 | 20.0% |
| Knowledge, attitudes, and practices | 4 | 10.3% |
| Adherence to non-pharmaceutical interventions | 2 | 50.0% |
| Fear | 1 | 25.0% |
| Health belief model | 1 | 25.0% |
| Vulnerable populations | 4 | 10.3% |
| Communities in conflict | 1 | 25.0% |
| Net consumers | 1 | 25.0% |
| Net producers | 1 | 25.0% |
| Poverty | 1 | 25.0% |
| Geographic location | 3 | 7.7% |
| Neighbourhood | 1 | 33.3% |
| Poverty | 1 | 33.3% |
| Spatial distribution | 1 | 33.3% |
| Tuberculosis | 12 | 100.0% |
| Social determinants of health | 4 | 33.3% |
| Population density | 2 | 50.0% |
| HIV status | 1 | 25.0% |
| Malnutrition | 1 | 25.0% |
| Vulnerable populations | 3 | 25.0% |
| Unhoused | 1 | 33.3% |
| Miners | 1 | 33.3% |
| Poverty | 1 | 33.3% |
| Demographics | 2 | 16.7% |
| Age | 1 | 50.0% |
| Sex | 1 | 50.0% |
| Contact and movement behaviour | 1 | 8.3% |
| Contact | 1 | 100.0% |
| Geographic location | 1 | 8.3% |
| Neighbourhood | 1 | 100.0% |
| Knowledge, attitudes, and practices | 1 | 8.3% |
| Treatment use | 1 | 100.0% |
| Measles | 9 | 100.0% |
| Contact and movement behaviour | 3 | 33.3% |
| Contact | 3 | 100.0% |
| Demographics | 3 | 33.3% |
| Age | 2 | 66.7% |
| Sex | 1 | 33.3% |
| Knowledge, attitudes, and practices | 2 | 22.2% |
| Adherence to social distancing | 1 | 50.0% |
| Cooperation | 1 | 50.0% |
| Social determinants of health | 1 | 11.1% |
| Poverty | 1 | 100.0% |
| Respiratory syncytial virus | 7 | 100.0% |
| Social determinants of health | 3 | 42.9% |
| Household size/ composition | 3 | 100.0% |
| Demographics | 2 | 28.6% |
| Age | 2 | 100.0% |
| Contact and movement behaviour | 1 | 14.3% |
| Contact | 1 | 100.0% |
| Geographic location | 1 | 14.3% |
| Setting | 1 | 100.0% |
| Schistosomiasis | 7 | 100.0% |
| Social determinants of health | 3 | 42.9% |
| Employment | 1 | 33.3% |
| Household size/ composition | 1 | 33.3% |
| Sanitation | 1 | 33.3% |
| Demographics | 2 | 28.6% |
| Age | 1 | 50.0% |
| Sex | 1 | 50.0% |
| Geographic location | 1 | 14.3% |
| Patch | 1 | 100.0% |
| Knowledge, attitudes, and practices | 1 | 14.3% |
| Water contact | 1 | 100.0% |
| Hepatitis A | 6 | 100.0% |
| Social determinants of health | 2 | 33.3% |
| Household size/ composition | 1 | 50.0% |
| Household type | 1 | 50.0% |
| Contact and movement behaviour | 1 | 16.7% |
| Contact | 1 | 100.0% |
| Demographics | 1 | 16.7% |
| Age | 1 | 100.0% |
| Geographic location | 1 | 16.7% |
| Municipality | 1 | 100.0% |
| Knowledge, attitudes, and practices | 1 | 16.7% |
| Food hygiene | 1 | 100.0% |
| Malaria | 6 | 100.0% |
| Social determinants of health | 4 | 66.7% |
| Economic conditions | 1 | 25.0% |
| Medical capacity | 1 | 25.0% |
| Migration | 1 | 25.0% |
| Sanitation | 1 | 25.0% |
| Contact and movement behaviour | 1 | 16.7% |
| Movement | 1 | 100.0% |
| Geographic location | 1 | 16.7% |
| Area | 1 | 100.0% |
| Cholera | 4 | 100.0% |
| Social determinants of health | 3 | 75.0% |
| Medical capacity | 1 | 33.3% |
| Malnutrition | 1 | 33.3% |
| Sanitation | 1 | 33.3% |
| Geographic location | 1 | 25.0% |
| Region | 1 | 100.0% |
| Ebola | 4 | 100.0% |
| Social determinants of health | 2 | 50.0% |
| Medical capacity | 1 | 50.0% |
| Vulnerability | 1 | 50.0% |
| Contact and movement behaviour | 1 | 25.0% |
| Movement | 1 | 100.0% |
| Geographic location | 1 | 25.0% |
| Country | 1 | 100.0% |
| Sexually transmitted infection (Chlamydia and Gonorrhoea) | 4 | 100.0% |
| Vulnerable populations | 3 | 75.0% |
| Female sex workers | 1 | 33.3% |
| People living with HIV | 1 | 33.3% |
| Youth | 1 | 33.3% |
| Contact and movement behaviour | 1 | 25.0% |
| Contact | 1 | 100.0% |
| Rubella | 3 | 100.0% |
| Contact and movement behaviour | 1 | 33.3% |
| Contact | 1 | 100.0% |
| Demographics | 1 | 33.3% |
| Age | 1 | 100.0% |
| Social determinants of health | 1 | 33.3% |
| Disease risk | 1 | 100.0% |
| Polio | 3 | 100.0% |
| Contact and movement behaviour | 1 | 33.3% |
| Contact | 1 | 100.0% |
| Demographics | 1 | 33.3% |
| Age | 1 | 100.0% |
| Geographic location | 1 | 33.3% |
| Region | 1 | 100.0% |
| Cutaneous Leishmaniasis | 1 | 100.0% |
| Geographic location | 1 | 100.0% |
| Country | 1 | 100.0% |
| Severe acute respiratory syndrome | 1 | 100.0% |
| Knowledge, attitudes, and practices | 1 | 100.0% |
| Avoidance behaviour | 1 | 100.0% |
| Typhoid fever | 1 | 100.0% |
| Social determinants of health | 1 | 100.0% |
| Socioeconomic status | 1 | 100.0% |
aSEIFA is a continuous variable and summarises average socio-economic characteristics, including education, occupation, and wealth and can be used to describe the distribution of social and economic well-being