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. 2024 Mar 19;12:163. doi: 10.1186/s40359-024-01639-3

Table 4.

Hypothesis testing for direct paths

Hypotheses Β SE t-value p-value Outcomes
H1: ACM—MW 0.317 0.053 5.952 0.000 Supported
H2: ACM–SUSL 0.205 0.061 3.373 0.001 Supported
H3: ACM—AEL 0.333 0.059 5.664 0.000 Supported
H4: AEL—SUSL 0.371 0.062 6.014 0.000 Supported
H5: SUSL—MW 0.132 0.061 2.182 0.029 Supported
H6: AEL–MW 0.356 0.06 5.894 0.000 Supported

Note: β = Standardized Beta Coe-efficient, ACM = Academic Motivation, SUSL = Sustainable Learning, AEL = Adoption of E-Learning Tools, MW = Mental Well-being; SE = standard error