Table 2.
Case 1: summary of laboratory testing from 2014 to 2018.
| Date of laboratory testing | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6/23/14 | 8/4/16 | 10/20/16 | 1/6/17 | 6/19/17 | 10/19/17 | 3/8/18 | |
| DNA (DS) antibody, IU/ml a | 3 (negative) | 5 (indeterminate) | 5 (indeterminate) | 6 (indeterminate) | – | – | – |
| Sjögren’s antibody: SS-A | >8 (positive) | – | – | – | >8 (positive) | – | >8 (positive) |
| Sjögren’s antibody: SS-B | 3.3 (positive) | – | – | – | <1 (negative) | – | <1 (negative) |
| ANA b | positive | – | – | – | – | positive | – |
| Lupus Anticoagulant (LAC) c | – | – | – | – | – | not detected | – |
| Cardiolipin antibody-IgM d | 25 (high) | 24 (high) | – | – | – | – | – |
| Cardiolipin antibody-IgG d | <14 (negative) | <14 (negative) | – | – | – | – | – |
| Cardiolipin antibody-IgA d | – | <11 (negative) | – | – | – | – | – |
| PTT screen (LAC) e | 43 (high) | – | – | – | – | 37 (normal) | – |
| CRP (mg/dL) f | 0.1 (in range) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| C3 (mg/dL) g | 96 (in range) | – | – | – | – | 91.6 (in range) | – |
| C4 (mg/dL) g | 38 (in range) | 33 (in range) | – | – | – | 28.5 (in range) | – |
Antinuclear antibody frequently present in individuals with SLE; may suggest more serious SLE.
identifies autoantibodies characteristic of autoimmune disorders; most individuals with SLE have positive ANA.
Lupus anticoagulants (LA) are antiphospholipid antibodies that specifically target phospholipids and associated proteins and can interfere with blood clotting.
Cardiolipin is another antiphospholipid antibody. The presence of LA and cardiolipin do not indicate a diagnosis of SLE; however, these tests can indicate potential risk of complications from antiphospholipid antibodies in SLE patients, such as miscarriage, blood clot, or stroke.
Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) measures time it takes for blood to clot and can identify if blood contains anticoagulant antibodies.
Blood marker for inflammation.
Low levels of complement C3 and C4 reflect inflammation.
– indicates test not performed.