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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Mar 19.
Published in final edited form as: Nanoscale. 2022 Nov 3;14(42):15586–15595. doi: 10.1039/d2nr04040a
design - to handle multi-level conceptual hierarchies
purification - to mitigate thermodynamic limits on yield
yield verification/metrology - to optimize pre-production and manufacturing quality control