Table 3.
Factors associated with sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB)a intake among pregnant women of reproductive age, 12 states and District of Columbia, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2017
| Characteristic | Bivariate analysisb SSB intake |
Multivariable logistic regression analysisc SSB intake ≥1 time/day |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <1 time/day |
≥1 time/day |
p-valued |
||||
| n | % (95% CI) | n | % (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | ||
|
| ||||||
| All pregnant women (n=392) | 297 | 78.1 (70.1, 84.4) | 95 | 21.9 (15.6, 29.9) | - | - |
| Age (n=392) | ||||||
| 18–29 years | 117 | 73.0 (61.1, 82.3) | 56 | 27.0 (17.7, 38.9) | 0.1491 | 1.16 (0.34–3.96) |
| 30–49 years | 180 | 83.5 (72.0, 90.8) | 39 | 16.5 (9.2, 28.0) | 1.00 [Reference] | |
| Race/ethnicity (n=383) | ||||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 167 | 85.3 (77.2, 90.8) | 46 | 14.7 (9.2, 22.8) | 0.2252 | 1.00 [Reference] |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 27 | 71.7 (46.3, 88.2) | 17 | 28.3 (11.8, 53.7) | 2.15 (0.46–10.10) | |
| Hispanic | 51 | 66.9 (44.4, 83.7) | 13 | 33.1 (16.3, 55.6) | 3.32 (0.87–12.60) | |
| Other, non-Hispanic | 43 | 72.5 (49.3, 87.7) | 19 | 27.5 (12.3, 50.7) | 1.19 (0.32–4.44) | |
| Education (n=390) | ||||||
| ≤High school | 80 | 70.8 (57.1, 81.5) | 47 | 29.2 (18.5, 42.9) | 0.0022 | 3.13 (0.84–11.66) |
| Some college | 78 | 78.2 (63.8, 87.9) | 32 | 21.8 (12.1, 36.2) | 1.80 (0.60–5.44) | |
| ≥College graduate | 137 | 94.1 (87.2, 97.4) | 16 | 5.9 (2.6, 12.8) | 1.00 [Reference] | |
| Marital status (n=390) | ||||||
| Married/domestic partnership | 197 | 87.5 (79.3, 92.8) | 45 | 12.5 (7.2, 20.7) | 0.0040 | 1.00 [Reference] |
| Not marriede | 98 | 64.9 (50.9, 76.7) | 50 | 35.1 (23.3, 49.1) | 2.81 (1.05–7.51) | |
| Metropolitan status (n=392) | ||||||
| Metropolitan | 217 | 79.2 (70.0, 86.2) | 60 | 20.8 (13.8, 30.0) | 0.3567 | 1.00 [Reference] |
| Nonmetropolitan | 80 | 72.2 (57.2, 83.4) | 35 | 27.8 (16.6, 42.8) | 2.24 (0.92–5.48) | |
| Fruit and vegetable intake (n=377) | ||||||
| <5 times/day | 196 | 76.3 (66.2, 84.1) | 66 | 23.7 (15.9, 33.8) | 0.1567 | 1.61 (0.56–4.58) |
| ≥5 times/day | 93 | 86.9 (71.6, 94.6) | 22 | 13.1 (5.4, 28.4) | 1.00 [Reference] | |
| Leisure-time physical activityf (n=392) | ||||||
| Had physical activity/exercise | 221 | 85.0 (77.5, 90.2) | 57 | 15.0 (9.8, 22.5) | 0.0319 | 1.00 [Reference] |
| No physical activity/exercise | 76 | 66.7 (49.9, 80.1) | 38 | 33.3 (19.9, 50.1) | 1.87 (0.73–4.81) | |
| Smoking status (n=389) | ||||||
| Nonsmoker | 213 | 81.5 (71.4, 88.6) | 54 | 18.5 (11.4, 28.6) | 0.0911 | 1.00 [Reference] |
| Former smoker | 64 | 72.8 (56.3, 84.7) | 24 | 27.2 (15.3, 43.7) | 2.80 (0.88–8.97) | |
| Current smoker | 17 | 54.6 (30.5, 76.7) | 17 | 45.4 (23.3, 69.5) | 4.38 (0.99–19.28) | |
Abbreviations: sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB), confidence interval (CI), adjusted odds ratio (aOR).
Included non-diet soda, fruit drinks that are not 100% juice, sweet tea, sports drinks, and energy drinks.
Unweighted sample size and weighted percentage. Weighted percentages may not add to 100 because of rounding.
Multivariable logistic regression was performed to estimate adjusted odds ratios for SSB intake ≥1 time/day (reference: <1 time/day), with all characteristics included in the model (n=366). Bold indicates significance.
χ2 tests were used for each variable to examine differences by SSB intake categories.
Single, widowed, divorced, separated, or never married.
Leisure-time physical activity was categorized as 1) participating in any or 2) not participating any physical activity or exercise during the past 30 days other than their regular job.