Table 2.
Characteristics of the patients in the NIV group and the non-NIV group.
| Characteristics | NIV | Non-NIV | Z/X2 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 76 (70–81) | 76 (70–82) | −0.670 | 0.503 |
| Sex | 1.864 | 0.172 | ||
| Male (%) | 66 (68.7) | 252 (75.7) | ||
| Female (%) | 30 (31.3) | 81 (24.3) | ||
| Number of AEs in the previous year | 1.0 (0.0–2.0) | 1.0 (0.0–2.0) | −3.366 | 0.001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 14 (15) | 50 (14.6) | 0.011 | 0.917 |
| Hypertension (%) | 38 (39.6) | 145 (43.5) | 0.478 | 0.489 |
| Coronary heart disease (%) | 36 (35.0) | 116 (37.5) | 0.196 | 0.958 |
| Heart failure (%) | 66 (68.8) | 120 (36) | 32.473 | <0.001 |
| Laboratory examinations | ||||
| NLR | 7.99 (4.91–14.00) | 6.11(3.58–11.33) | −2.711 | 0.005 |
| Hematocrit | 42.7 (38.0–48.5) | 38.8 (35.4–42.5) | −4.840 | <0.001 |
| RDW | 14.7 (13.9–15.8) | 13.9 (13.0–14.75) | −4.996 | <0.001 |
| PLR | 209.3 (131.3–343.4) | 188.7 (113.0–308.0) | −1.180 | 0.238 |
| PDW | 13.2 (11.7–15.6) | 13.5 (11.8–16.2) | −0.550 | 0.582 |
| ChE (U/L) | 4623 (3748–5566) | 5553 (4352–6881) | −4.393 | <0.001 |
| ChE level (%) | 16.023 | <0.001 | ||
| ChE ≤ 4116 U/L | 96 (28.8) | 47 (49.0) | ||
| 4116 U/L < ChE ≤ 6737 U/L | 113 (33.9) | 30 (31.3) | ||
| ChE > 6737 U/L | 124 (37.2) | 19 (19.7) | ||
| Albumin (g/L) | 36.7 (33.1–39.9) | 37.4 (34.1–40.8) | −1.220 | 0.222 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 8.3 (6.0–12.3) | 6.2 (5.1–8.5) | −3.989 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (mmol/L) | 83.0 (53.0–111.8) | 73.2 (59.6–92.4) | −1.100 | 0.270 |
| CRP (mg/mL) | 16.4 (5.4–67.3) | 15.4 (3.5–62.7) | −0.649 | 0.516 |
| D-dimer (ng/mL) | 1025.0 (647.5–2160.0) | 830.0 (435.0–1550.0) | −2.568 | 0.010 |
| OI | 243.05 (160.75–299.03) | 302.00 (232.40–351.75) | −4.959 | <0.001 |
| OI level | 30.157 | <0.001 | ||
| ≥300 | 24 (25) | 172 (52.1) | ||
| 200–299 | 36 (37.5) | 107 (32.4) | ||
| <200 | 36 (37.5) | 51 (15.5) | ||
| pCO2 (mmHg) | 68.9 (55.0–81.0) | 40.2 (32.2–51.4) | −10.740 | <0.001 |
| pH | 7.35 (7.28–7.41) | 7.41 (7.37–7.44) | −6.718 | <0.001 |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Hypercapnia (%) | 83 (86.5) | 92 (27.6) | 106.785 | <0.001 |
| IMV (%) | 13 (13.5) | 5 (1.5) | 26.873 | <0.001 |
| ICU (%) | 27 (79.4) | 7 (20.6) | 69.153 | <0.001 |
| DoHS (days) | 12.0 (9.0–16.0) | 10.0 (8.0–13.0) | −3.253 | 0.001 |
AE, acute exacerbation; CHD, coronary heart disease; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; RDW, red blood cell distribution width; PLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; PDW, platelet distribution width; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CRP, C-reactive protein; OI, oxygenation index; pCO2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide; NIV, noninvasive ventilation; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; ICU, intensive care unit; DoHS, duration of hospital stay.