Table 2.
Percent changes in thyroid biomarkers per doubling of serum per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) concentrations.
| Percent Difference (95% CI)a | ||
|---|---|---|
| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) | ||
| PFOA | −4.02 (−13.10, 5.99) | |
| PFOS | 0.56 (−7.74, 9.59) | |
| PFHxS | −6.80 (−13.23, 0.09) | |
| PFNA | 2.60 (−5.07, 10.88) | |
| PFDA | −1.10 (−9.63, 8.23) | |
| PFUnDA | −0.18 (−6.63, 6.71) | |
| Mixtureb | −2.38 (−9.29, 5.06) | |
| Free Thyroxine (FT4) | ||
| PFOA | 0.36 (−2.04, 2.82) | |
| PFOS | 0.65 (−1.44, 2.77) | |
| PFHxS | 0.42 (−1.33, 2.19) | |
| PFNA | 1.67 (−0.23, 3.60) | |
| PFDA | 1.85 (−0.36, 4.10) | |
| PFUnDA | 1.15 (−0.48, 2.81) | |
| Mixtureb | 0.93 (−0.85, 2.75) | |
| Total Thyroxine (TT4) | ||
| PFOA | −2.78 (−6.16, 0.72) | |
| PFOS | −0.49 (−3.50, 2.62) | |
| PFHxS | −1.00 (−3.51, 1.58) | |
| PFNA | −0.77 (−3.49, 2.02) | |
| PFDA | −1.58 (−4.70, 1.64) | |
| PFUnDA | −1.37 (−3.69, 1.01) | |
| Mixtureb | −1.72 (−4.26, 0.88) | |
| Free Triiodothyronine (FT3) | ||
| PFOA | −0.85 (−2.99, 1.34) | |
| PFOS | 0.06 (−1.81, 1.97) | |
| PFHxS | −0.73 (−2.29, 0.85) | |
| PFNA | −0.54 (−2.22, 1.17) | |
| PFDA | −1.31 (−3.24, 0.66) | |
| PFUnDA | −1.27 (−2.70, 0.18) | |
| Mixtureb | −0.83 (−2.40, 0.76) | |
| Total Triiodothyronine (TT3) | ||
| PFOA | −4.22 (−7.90, −0.39) | |
| PFOS | −2.96 (−6.20, 0.39) | |
| PFHxS | −2.58 (−5.31, 0.23) | |
| PFNA | −3.03 (−5.95, −0.01) | |
| PFDA | −5.56 (−8.82, −2.17) | |
| PFUnDA | −4.04 (−6.51, −1.50) | |
| Mixtureb | −4.45 (−7.15, −1.67) | |
| FT4 to FT3 ratio | ||
| PFOA | 1.22 (−1.36, 3.87) | |
| PFOS | 0.58 (−1.65, 2.86) | |
| PFHxS | 1.16 (−0.71, 3.06) | |
| PFNA | 2.22 (0.18, 4.29) | |
| PFDA | 3.20 (0.83, 5.62) | |
| PFUnDA | 2.45 (0.71, 4.23) | |
| Mixtureb | 1.78 (−0.13, 3.73) |
Abbreviations: PFOA, perfluorooctanoate; PFOS, perfluorooctane sulfonate; PFHxS, perfluorohexane sulfonate; PFNA, perfluorononanoate; PFDA, perfluorodecanoate; PFUnDA, perfluoroundecanoate.
a.
Models were adjusted for age (continuous), BMI (continuous), graduate degree (binary), race (categorical), ever smoking (binary), and subfertility diagnosis (categorical).
b.
Estimates obtained by quantile-based g computation.