Table 5.

Overall impact of natural disasters on student enrollment.

Possible impacts	Possible indicators	Cited sources
Decline in enrollment rates	•Reduced number of applications.	[13,30]
	•Lower percentage of enrollments.	[20,58]
Financial constraints	•Increased student loan burden.	[52,59]
	•Higher dropout rates	[44,46]
Disrupted access to education	•School closures	[40,42]
	•Loss of physical infrastructure	[25,42]
Psychological distress	•Increased mental health issues	[15,44]
	•Lower academic performance	[41]
Shift to online learning	•Rapid adoption of remote learning	[50,59]
	•Changes in pedagogical strategies	[55,60]
Disparities in recovery	•Unequal access to resources	[56,58]
	•Longer recovery times for certain student populations.	[37,61]
Changes in academic priorities	•Shift in program/course choices.	[13,50]
	•Delayed graduation.	[62]