Table 4.
Bivariable and Multivariable Binary Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Associated with Anemia Among Newborn Babies at JMC, South-west Ethiopia from January 14 to February 28, 2021 (n = 288)
| Characteristics of Study Participants | Anemic Newborns | Non-anemic Newborns | COR (95%CI) | AOR (95%CI) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age | ≤24 year | 28(29.8%) | 66(70.2%) | 1 | 1 | 0.242 |
| 25–29 year | 31(27%) | 84(73%) | 0.87(0.48–1.59) | 1.10(0.52–2.30) | ||
| ≥30 year | 17(21.5%) | 62(78.5%) | 0.65(0.32–1.30) | 0.54(0.22–1.30) | ||
| Residence | Rural | 26(36.1%) | 46(63.9%) | 1.88(1.06–3.34) | 0.87(0.28–2.74) | 0.809 |
| Urban | 50(23.1%) | 166(76.9%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Maternal education level | No formal education | 24(37.5%) | 40(62.5%) | 2.75(1.23–6.14) | 3.43(0.87–13.5) | 0.295 |
| Primary school | 18(26.1%) | 51(73.9%) | 1.62(0.71–3.69) | 2.97(0.83–10.6) | ||
| Secondary school | 22(25%) | 66(75%) | 1.53(0.69–3.36) | 1.86(0.54–6.37) | ||
| Above secondary school | 12(17.9%) | 55(82.1%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Maternal occupation | Housewife | 34(29.6%) | 81(70.4%) | 1.73(0.88–3.41) | 1.28(0.56–2.94) | 0.171 |
| Small scale business | 26(28.6%) | 65(71.4%) | 1.65(0.81–3.36) | 2.14(0.94–4.88) | ||
| Employed | 16(19.5%) | 66(80.5%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Family monthly income | <500 ETB | 9(45%) | 11(55%) | 2.65(1.04–6.72) | 1.77(0.50–6.28) | 0.533 |
| 501–1000 ETB | 12(34.3%) | 23(65.7%) | 1.69(0.79–3.61) | 1.63(0.55–4.81) | ||
| >1000 ETB | 55(23.6%) | 178(76.4%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| ANC follow up | No | 10(35.7%) | 18(64.3%) | 1.63(0.72–3.72) | 0.35(0.05–2.69) | 0.312 |
| Yes | 66(25.4%) | 194(74.6%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Iron and folic acid supplementation | No | 19(39.6%) | 29(60.4%) | 2.10(1.10–4.03) | 1.40(0.05–37.1) | 0.842 |
| Yes | 57(23.8%) | 183(76.2%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Trimester iron or folic acid supplementation started | First trimester | 14(16.7%) | 70(83.3%) | 1 | 1 | 0.503 |
| Second Trimester | 34(26.6%) | 94(73.4%) | 1.81(0.90–3.62) | 1.45(0.66–3.21) | ||
| Third trimester | 9(32.1%) | 19(67.9%) | 2.37(0.89–6.30) | 1.89(0.59–6.10) | ||
| History of vaginal bleeding during pregnancy | Yes | 11(37.9%) | 18(62.1%) | 1.82(0.82–4.06) | 1.02(0.31–3.32) | 0.977 |
| No | 65(25.1%) | 194(74.9%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| History of intestinal parasite infection during pregnancy | Yes | 17(35.4%) | 31(64.6%) | 1.68(0.87–3.26) | 1.52(0.67–3.50) | 0.320 |
| No | 59(24.6%) | 181(75.4%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| History of Malaria infection during pregnancy | Yes | 8(40%) | 12(60%) | 1.96(0.77–5.00) | 1.90(0.54–6.69) | 0.316 |
| No | 68(25.4%) | 200(74.6%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Meat or animal product consumption per week | No | 17(37.8%) | 28(62.2%) | 1.89(0.97–3.70) | 1.13(0.40–3.21) | 0.817 |
| Yes | 59(24.3%) | 184(75.7%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Vegetable consumption per week | Yes | 59(23.1%) | 196(76.9%) | 0.28(0.14–0.60) | 0.26(0.11–0.62) | 0.003 |
| No | 17(51.5%) | 16(48.5%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Fruit consumption per week | No | 13(46.4%) | 15(53.6%) | 2.71(1.22–6.00) | 0.51(0.10–2.56) | 0.413 |
| Yes | 63(24.2%) | 197(75.8%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Nutritional status (MUAC) | Malnourished | 12(36.4%) | 21(63.6%) | 1.71(0.80–3.67) | 1.13(0.37–3.49) | 0.829 |
| Normal | 64(25.1%) | 191(74.9%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Newborn birth weight | Low birth weight | 10(30.3%) | 23(69.7%) | 1.25(0.56–2.75) | 1.82(0.72–4.57) | 0.203 |
| Normal | 66(25.9%) | 189(74.1%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Maternal anemia | Yes | 23(39.7%) | 35(60.3%) | 1 | 1 | 0.003 |
| No | 53(23%) | 177(77%) | 0.46(0.25–0.84) | 0.34(0.17–0.69) | ||
Note: Bold numeric indicate significant association (p-value <0.05).
Abbreviations: COR, crude odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio.