Table 3.

Group and time main effects and group*time interaction effects of BMD (Rt FN), T Score (Rt FN), Z Score (Rt FN), FRAX (Rt HPMO), BMD (Lt FN), T Score (Lt FN), BMD (LS) and T Score (LS).

Variable	Time	Experimental Group (n = 22)	Control Group (n = 21)	Mean difference (CI 95%)	Group main effects		Time main effects		Time*Group interaction effects
					F	P value	F	P value	F	P value
BMD (Rt FN) (g/cm2)	Pretreatment	0.72 ± 0.052	0.71 ± 0.04	0.013 (− 0.02, 0.04)	8.26	0.005	2.94	0.050	2.56	0.113
	Posttreatment	0.76 ± 0.053	0.71 ± 0.04	0.045 (0.02, 0.07)
T Score (Rt FN)	Pretreatment	− 1.18 ± 0.41	− 1.24 ± 0.33	0.066 (0.02, 0.29)	6.64	0.012	4.06	0.047	3.21	0.077
	Posttreatment	− 0.86 ± 0.44	− 1.2 ± 0.35	0.365 (0.12, 0.61)
Z Score (Rt FN)	Pretreatment	0.01 ± 0.75	− 0.12 ± 0.83	0.137 (− 0.35, 0.63)	0.99	0.321	0.01	0.941	0.03	0.868
	Posttreatment	0.06 ± 0.65	− 0.13 ± 0.82	0.192 (− 0.27, 0.65)
FRAX (Rt HPMO)	Pretreatment	6.9 ± 1.7	6.7 ± 1.4	0.167 (− 0.78, 1.11)	0.07	0.798	0.74	0.392	0.59	0.442
	Posttreatment	6.4 ± 1.5	6.7 ± 1.4	− 0.332 (− 1.22, 0.56)
BMD (Lt FN) (g/cm2)	Pretreatment	0.71 ± 0.05	0.71 ± 0.04	− 0.0007 (− 0.03, 0.03)	2.31	0.132	2.94	0.090	2.56	0.114
	Posttreatment	0.74 ± 0.05	0.71 ± 0.04	0.030(0.003, 0.05)
T Score (Lt FN)	Pretreatment	− 1.30 ± 0.38	− 1.20 ± 0.30	− 0.057 (− 0.26, 0.15)	1.43	0.235	4.44	0.038	3.90	0.051
	Posttreatment	− 1.0 ± 0.40	− 1.2 ± 0.30	0.233 (− 0.02, 0.45)
BMD (LS) (g/cm2)	Pretreatment	0.99 ± 0.12	0.98 ± 0.17	− 0.005 (− 0.09, 0.08)	0.11	0.740	0.18	0.68	0.27	0.61
	Posttreatment	1.02 ± 0.11	0.99 ± 0.15	0.026 (− 0.06, 0.11)
T Score (LS)	Pretreatment	− 0.98 ± 1.02	− 1.09 ± 1.13	0.104 (− 0.563, 0.770)	0.55	0.46	0.17	0.68	0.08	0.78
	Posttreatment	− 0.82 ± 0.95	− 1.06 ± 1.12	0.234 (− 0.41, 0.88)

Results are represented as the mean and standard deviation (±); BMD bone mineral density, FN femoral neck, FRAX fracture risk assessment tool, HPMO hip prediction of major osteoporotic, LS lumbar spine.