Table 2.
Overview of extracerebellar afferents to the CN. This overview is not intended to be exhaustive
| CNS origin listed by projection type | Origin | Med | IntP | IntA | Lat | Cereb. cortex | Species | Remarks and references |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climbing fiber CN branches | ||||||||
| Medulla oblongata | Inferior olive | + | +++ | ++ | +++ | +++ | Cat, rat | 1, 2, 3 |
| Mossy fiber CN branches | ||||||||
| Spinal cord | Cervical cord | ++ | ++ | ++ | 0 | +++ | Rat | 4 |
| Thoracic cord | ++ | ++ | ++ | 0 | ++ | Rat | 5 | |
| Column of Clarke | + | 0 | + | 0 | +++ | Mouse | 6 | |
| Upper lumbar cord | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | +++ | Rat | 7 | |
| Sacral and lower lumbar cord | ++ | + | +++ | 0 | +++ | Rat | 4, 7 | |
| Medulla oblongata | External cuneate nucleus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ++ | Rat | 8, 9 |
| Cuneate/gracile nucleus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ++ | Cat, rat | 9, 10 | |
| Spinal trigeminal nucleus | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | +++ | Rat | 11 | |
| Lateral reticular nucleus | ++ | ++ | +++ | + | +++ | Rat | 12, 13 | |
| Paramedian reticular nucleus | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | +++ | Rat | 14 | |
| Gigantocellular reticular nucleus | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | Rat | 14 | |
| Magnocellular reticular nucleus | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | Rat | 14 | |
| Vestibular ganglion | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ++ | Cat, rabbit | 15, 16 | |
| Medial vestibular nucleus | ++ | 0 | 0 | 0 | ++ | Mouse | 17 | |
| Spinal vestibular nucleus | ? | ? | ? | ? | ++ | Rabbit | 18 | |
| Superior vestibular nucleus | ? | ? | ? | ? | ++ | Rabbit | 18 | |
| Metencephalon | Basal pontine nucleus | 0 | + | 0 | ++ | +++ | Rat | 19 |
| Reticular tegmental pontine nucleus | +++ | +++ | + | +++ | +++ | Rat | 19 | |
| Other | ||||||||
| Medulla oblongata | Caudal raphe interpositus | + | ++ | + | ++ | 0 | Rat | ?, Not mono-aminergic; 20 |
| Metencephalon | Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | Rat | Cholinergic; 21 |
| Dorsal tegmental nucleus | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | Cat | Serotonergic; 22 | |
| Dorsal raphe nucleus | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | Cat | Serotonergic; 22 | |
| Locus coeruleus | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | Cat | Noradrenergic; 23 | |
| Mesencephalon | Magnocellular red nucleus | 0 | + | ++ | + | 0 | Mouse/rat | Collaterals of rubrospinal neurons; 24, 25 |
| Diencephalon | Tuberomammillary nucleus and hypo-thalamic regions | ++ | + | + | 0 | ++ | Rat | (mostly?) Histaminergic; 26,27 |
0 no, or very scant, projection; + sparse projection; + + moderate projection; + + + dense projection; ? no information. References: 1: [41]; 2: [42]; 3: [43]; 4: [44]; 5: [45]; 6: [46]; 7: [47]; 8: [48]; 9: [49]; 10: [50]; 11: [51]; 12: [52]; 13: [53]; 14: [54]; 15: [55]; 16: [56]; 17: [57]; 18: [58]; 19: [59]; 20: [60];21: [61]; 22: [62]; 23: [63]; 24: [64]; 25: [65]; 26: [63]; 27: [66]