Table 7.

Analysis of people with different states of depression based on 24-h pH monitoring results (rank mean, N = 518).

Variables	No depression (0–7 points, N = 297)	Mild depression (8–10 points, N = 128)	Moderate to severe depression (11–21 points, N = 93)	P
Number of refluxes (pH < 4)	223.76	294.42	325.58	< 0.001
% Time spent in reflux	222.37	300.59	321.51	< 0.001
Number of long refluxes (T ≥ 5 min)	226.35	295.36	316.03	< 0.001
DeMeester score	222.14	299.70	323.47	< 0.001
Oesophageal acid exposure				< 0.001
Physiological reflux	220 (74.07%)	51 (39.84%)	28 (30.11%)
Pathological reflux	77 (25.93%)	77 (60.16%)	65 (69.89%)
Diagnostic subgroup				< 0.001
Physiologic reflux	210 (70.71%)	43 (33.59%)	22 (23.66%)
NERD	51 (17.17%)	56 (43.75%)	51 (54.84%)
RE	36 (12.12%)	29 (22.66%)	20 (21.50%)

The results of the Kruskal–Wallis test are expressed as rank averages; NERD non-erosive reflux disease, RE reflux esophagitis.