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. 2024 Mar 19;15:2469. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-45956-y

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — A A light micrograph of a live Xenoturbella bocki. B Phylogenetic tree showing the recently proposed position of X. bocki as sister to Ambulacraria. C 2D projection of 97 metacells (indicated with numbers) and 12,350 X. bocki cells. D A cell by gene heatmap of cells from C showing expression similarity within the distinct tissue types. E A schematized diagram of a cross-section of Xenoturbella tissues: ci (cilia), sf (supporting filament), esc (epidermal supporting cell), gc (gland cell), nu (nucleus), np (nerve plexus), m (muscle), ecm (extracellular matrix), gu (gut), smc (sub-epidermal membrane complex), ep (epidermis). Right, schema of a horizontal cross-section of a Xenoturbella individual in which endodermal (red), ectodermal (aqua), and mesodermal (yellow) derivatives are indicated. F, G In situ hybridization of cell-type markers identified from the scRNA-seq clustering. F, G are high magnification images of F', G', respectively. H Markers associated with excretion co-localize in an unknown cell type (green). Images used to generate 1b were obtained from phylopic.org.