Fig. 4. The coupling between behavioral response and network response to photostimulation depends on the functional similarity of neurons, and is gated by brain state.

a Relating the photostimulation induced change in behavior to the photostimulation induced change in network activity within subpopulations of functionally defined neurons. An example schematic showing how the neural-behavioral coupling is computed. Left: example behavioral and neural data from an example session (only the intermediate contrasts (2, 5, 10%) are considered for the coupling analysis). Top right: All data across sessions belonging to one functional similarity group are used to compute the linear correlation coefficient between the change in behavior and the change in neural activity, termed the neural-behavioral coupling. Bottom right: We collect neural-behavioral coupling measurements for all functional similarity groups of neurons. b The neural-behavioral coupling as a function of functional similarity (with respect to the target neurons). A relationship between the change in activity and the change in behavior is only seen in the more engaged state. We observe a monotonic relationship across functional similarity groups whereby the neurons most functionally similar to the stimulated targets show the tightest coupling with behavior. Separate data points at the far right are the directly targeted cells and not included in the fit. The error bars around individual datapoints are standard error (SE), the error bars around the fitted lines are SE, both are computed by resampling with replacement. Significance indicates the percentile of the shuffled distributed the real slopes lie in where *** refers to a P value < 0.001. n = 28 sessions, 12 mice.