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. 2024 Mar 19;14:6646. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-56766-z

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Timeline of the battery for affective and cognitive behavioral testing following CVE. Mice were exposed to nicotine (NIC) or vehicle (VEH) at a 10-min CVE inter-vape interval for 8 h daily sessions, 5 days per week, for 14 weeks. Additionally, a third group of mice were placed into chambers receiving room air (AIR) at the same time as other mice. Beginning at 3 weeks of CVE, mice were evaluated for anxiety-like behaviors (Open Field Test, Light–Dark Box), depression-like behaviors (Splash Test, Sucrose Preference Test), and cognitive behaviors (acquisition of Sucrose Fixed-Ratio 1 operant self-administration, Progressive Ratio Test, Quinine Test).