TABLE 1.
Characteristics of study population (n = 241)
| Variables | Number |
|---|---|
| Maternal characteristics | |
| Age (year) | 31.8 ± 4.7 |
| Multigravida | 143 (59.3) |
| Previous breastfeeding experience † | 103 (42.7) |
| Previous child with tongue tie‡ | 32 (13.3) |
| Flat or inverted nipples | 26 (10.8) |
| Delivery characteristics | |
| Cesarean | 72 (29.9) |
| Vaginal | 169 (70.1) |
| Infant characteristics | |
| Male | 122 (50.6) |
| Gestational age (week) | 39.2 ± 1.4 |
| Birth weight (g) | 3444.9 ± 504.3 |
| Hypoglycemia after delivery¶ | 19 (7.9) |
| NICU admission after delivery | 20 (8.3) |
| Feeding characteristics§ | |
| Exclusive breastfeeding | 100 (41.5) |
| Breastfeeding plus supplementation | 110 (45.6) |
| Bottle feeding only (expressed breast milk) | 27 (11.2) |
Data are shown as n (%) or mean ± SD.
†
Missing data = 3; ‡Missing data = 21; §Missing data = 3; ¶Hypoglycemia, blood glucose < 2.6 mmol/L