TABLE 2.
Functional and visual characteristics of infant feeding and their relationship with frenotomy
| Variables | n (%) | Odds ratio (95% CI)† | P † | Odds ratio (95% CI)‡ | P ‡ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Functional assessment | |||||
| Nipple pain or trauma | 164 (68.0) | 2.657 (1.511‒4.674) | <0.001 | 2.009 (1.055‒3.824) | 0.034 |
| Inability to latch | 178 (73.9) | 2.896 (1.599‒5.244) | <0.001 | 2.649 (1.330‒5.276) | 0.006 |
| Poor milk transfer | 87 (36.1) | 1.457 (0.826‒2.572) | 0.194 | ‐ | ‐ |
| Poor weight gain | 53 (22) | 1.004 (0.527‒1.910) | 0.991 | ‐ | ‐ |
| Clicking sound while sucking | 30 (12.4) | 0.876 (0.395‒1.941) | 0.744 | ‐ | ‐ |
| Visual assessment | |||||
| Inability to elevate tongue midway to the roof of the mouth | 115 (47.7) | 3.234 (1.829‒5.719) | <0.001 | 2.177 (1.131‒4.190) | 0.020 |
| Inability to protrude tongue past gum line | 98 (40.7) | 3.601 (1.960‒6.16) | <0.001 | ‐ | ‐ |
| Inability to maintain suction at the breast | 93 (38.6) | 3.175 (1.727‒5.834) | <0.001 | 1.969 (0.993‒3.905) | 0.052 |
| Dimpling of the tongue on extension | 51 (21.2) | 6.269 (2.393‒16.493) | <0.001 | 5.048 (1.801‒14.149) | 0.002 |
†Univariate analysis; ‡Multivariate analysis, and adjusted for the following variables infant sex, gestational age, and birth weight.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; ‐, not applicable.