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. 2024 Feb 19;16(2):e54440. doi: 10.7759/cureus.54440

Table 3. Comparison of sMMSE scores, serum BDNF, and serum PTX-3 levels between the study groups.

BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor, PTX-3: pentraxin-3, sMMSE: standardized mini-mental test, SD: standard deviation

*p<0.05, **p<0.01

	DPP-4±metformin (n=25)		Metformin only (n=25)			p-value
Parameter	Mean±SD	Median (25^th-75^th percentiles)	Mean±SD		Median (25^th-75^thpercentiles)
sMMSE score	27.16±1.95	27 (25.50-28.50)	25.40±3.07		26 (23-28)	p=0.041*
Serum BDNF levels (ng/ml)	394.51±205.66	471.75 (274.85-540.89)	180.63±297.94		48.56 (16.08-385.72)	p=0.001**
Serum PTX-3 levels (pg/ml)	5.47±3.44	3.50 (1.73-5.28)	3.79±2.53		4.67 (2.72-8.00)	p=0.055