Figure 4.

(a) TPD spectra of benzyl chloride on bare ZnO and 1.5 % Cu/ZnO 6 h reaction sample; (b) Images of reaction solutions for identifying reaction intermediates. A: benzyl chloride in isopropanol/water mixture. C and E: photoreduction of benzyl chloride using 1.5 % Cu/ZnO after irradiation by 365 nm LED for 2 h and 4 h, respectively under deaerated conditions. B, D and F: photos after adding the same amount of AgNO₃ into A, C and E; (c) Optimized adsorption model of benzyl radical on selected surfaces of ZnO and Cu/ZnO for DFT calculation; (d) EPR spectra for capture experiment of alkoxy radicals from 2‐propanol over TiO₂ and ZnO; (e) PL spectra of bare ZnO and Cu/ZnO after reaction sample.