Table 4.
Potential predictors of response: intervention and trial characteristics*
| Potential predictors of response | Placebo‐only population, n = 492 (exclude Chevalier trial) | Placebo only (glucocorticoid trials group), n = 181 | Placebo only (hyaluronic acid trials group), n = 329 (exclude Chevalier trial) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | P‐value | 95% CI | OR | P‐value | 95% CI | OR | P‐value | 95% CI | ||
| Short‐term | Volume of injection | 0.877 | 0.314 | 0.68–1.13 | 0.909 | 0.447 | 0.71–1.16 | 0.921 | 0.391 | 0.12–7.04 |
| Ultrasound‐guided injection | 0.415 | 0.004 | 0.23–0.76 | 0.690 | 0.363 | 0.31–1.53 | 0.376 | 0.076 | 0.13–1.11 | |
| Local anesthetics | 0.539 | 0.021 | 0.32–0.91 | 0.699 | 0.480 | 0.26–1.89 | 0.648 | 0.221 | 0.32–1.30 | |
| Aspiration attempted | 0.645 | 0.029 | 0.44–0.96 | N/A | – | – | 0.791 | 0.345 | 0.49–1.29 | |
| Injection frequency | 1.165 | 0.290 | 0.89–1.55 | 1.460 | 0.457 | 0.54–3.96 | 1.010 | 0.937 | 0.78–1.30 | |
| Randomization groups | 1.431 | 0.224 | 0.80–2.55 | 0.683 | 0.504 | 0.22–2.09 | 1.276 | 0.326 | 0.78–2.07 | |
| Single/multicenter | 0.620 | 0.046 | 0.39–0.99 | 0.825 | 0.694 | 0.32–2.15 | 0.648 | 0.221 | 0.32–1.30 | |
| Dropout rate | 0.979 | 0.585 | 0.91–1.06 | 0.976 | 0.591 | 0.89–1.07 | 0.969 | 0.439 | 0.89–1.05 | |
| Trial duration | 1.870 | 0.130 | 0.83–4.21 | – | – | – | 2.552 | 0.082 | 0.88–7.34 | |
| Potential predictors of response | Placebo‐only population, n = 422 (exclude Chevalier trial) | Placebo only (glucocorticoid trials group), n = 129 | Placebo only (hyaluronic acid trials group), n = 311 (exclude Chevalier trial) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Midterm | Volume of injection | 1.378 | 0.136 | 0.90–2.11 | 1.537 | 0.163 | 0.84–2.81 | 0.522 | 0.788 | 0.01–59.57 |
| Ultrasound‐guided injection | 0.630 | 0.442 | 0.19–2.04 | 1.037 | 0.979 | 0.07–14.83 | 0.047 | 0.003 | 0.01–0.36 | |
| Local anesthetics | 0.696 | 0.492 | 0.25–1.95 | 1.037 | 0.979 | 0.07–14.83 | 0.279 | 0.001 | 0.13–0.60 | |
| Aspiration attempted | 0.685 | 0.193 | 0.39–1.21 | – | – | – | 0.529 | 0.013 | 0.32–0.87 | |
| Injection frequency | 1.016 | 0.940 | 0.68–1.52 | – | – | – | 1.085 | 0.788 | 0.60–1.96 | |
| Randomization groups | 1.003 | 0.990 | 0.33–1.61 | 0.101 | 0.015 | 0.02–1.03 | 1.028 | 0.913 | 0.63–1.68 | |
| Single/multicenter | 0.696 | 0.492 | 0.25–1.95 | 1.037 | 0.979 | 0.07–14.83 | 0.279 | 0.001 | 0.13–0.60 | |
| Dropout rate | 1.027 | 0.814 | 0.82–1.28 | 1.419 | 0.355 | 0.68–2.98 | 1.057 | 0.779 | 0.72–1.55 | |
| Trial duration | 10.33 | 0.003 | 2.25–47.35 | – | – | – | 10.68 | 0.002 | 2.32–49.25 | |
| Potential predictors of response | Placebo‐only population, n = 232 | Placebo only (glucocorticoid trials group), n = 72 | Placebo only (hyaluronic acid trials group), n = 160 (exclude Chevalier trial) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Long‐term | Volume of injection | 1.301 | 0.109 | 0.94–1.80 | 1.388 | 0.123 | 0.91–2.10 | 0.625 | 0.705 | 0.06–7.11 |
| Ultrasound‐guided injection | 1.853 | 0.131 | 0.83–4.13 | 3.15 | 0.123 | 0.73–13.52 | – | – | – | |
| Local anesthetics | 2.137 | 0.038 | 1.04–4.37 | 3.15 | 0.123 | 0.73–13.52 | 1.264 | 0.705 | 0.37–4.26 | |
| Aspiration attempted | 1.190 | 0.564 | 0.66–2.16 | – | – | – | 0.815 | 0.656 | 0.33–2.01 | |
| Injection frequency | 1.178 | 0.243 | 0.89–1.55 | – | – | – | 1.061 | 0.704 | 0.78–1.44 | |
| Randomization groups | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Single/multicenter | 2.137 | 0.038 | 1.04–4.37 | 3.15 | 0.123 | 0.73–13.52 | 1.264 | 0.705 | 0.37–4.26 | |
| Dropout rate | 0.815 | 0.060 | 0.66–1.01 | 0.564 | 0.123 | 0.27–1.17 | – | – | – | |
| Trial duration | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
*
Trial characteristics were adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index. CI, confidence interval; N/A, not available; OR, odds ratio.