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. 2023 Oct 23;88(1):4–26. doi: 10.1111/ahg.12534

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© 2023 The Authors. Annals of Human Genetics published by University College London (UCL) and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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The stages of mouse heart development. (a) Mouse heart development at Embryonic Day 7.5, when cardiac progenitor cells migrate toward the midline to form a crescent‐shaped heart field. (b) The crescent‐shaped heart field cells converge at the midline to form a linear heart tube. (c) The linear heart tube undergoes dextral looping to shape the future four‐chambered heart. (d) The ventricular wall of the looped heart undergoes trabeculation, and endocardial cushion cells protrude into the heart tube to start to form the cardiac valves. (e) The four‐chambered heart is formed around E14.5 with the presence of atrial and ventricular septa. AV, atrioventricular; DMP, dorsal mesenchymal protrusion; OFT, outflow tract. Figure created with Biorender.com and Microsoft Paints.