TABLE 2.
Associations between Indigenous maternal asthma and birth and labor outcomes
| Maternal asthma (n = 2809) | No maternal asthma (n = 22 675) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR a (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birth outcomes | ||||
| Birth weight (g) | ||||
| <1500 | 85 (3.0) | 595 (2.6) | 1.19 (0.94–1.49), P = 0.15 | 1.13 (0.89–1.43), P = 0.31 |
| 1500–2499 | 319 (12.0) | 2342 (10.3) | 1.13 (0.99–1.29), P = 0.08 | 1.08 (0.94–1.24), P = 0.30 |
| 2500–4000 | 2170 (77.3) | 17 979 (79.3) | Reference | Reference |
| >4000 | 235 (8.4) | 1759 (7.8) | 1.11 (0.95–1.29), P = 0.19 | 1.08 (0.92–1.26), P = 0.34 |
| Gestational age (week) | ||||
| <33 | 143 (5.1) | 1013 (4.5) | 1.13 (0.94–1.37), P = 0.19 | 1.05 (0.87–1.27), P = 0.64 |
| 33–36 | 274 (9.8) | 2136 (9.4) | 1.03 (0.89–1.18), P = 0.68 | 0.99 (0.86–1.14), P = 0.86 |
| 37–40 (term) | 2142 (76.3) | 17 193 (75.8) | Reference | Reference |
| >40 | 250 (8.9) | 2333 (10.3) | 0.86 (0.75–0.99), P = 0.04 | 0.92 (0.80–1.07), P = 0.28 |
| SGA | 432 (15.6) | 3744 (16.7) | 0.92 (0.82–1.03), P = 0.15 | 0.96 (0.85–1.08), P = 0.50 |
| Stillbirth | 31 (1.1) | 256 (1.1) | 0.98 (0.68–1.42), P = 0.92 | 0.92 (0.63–1.34), P = 0.66 |
| Neonatal death | 22 (0.8) | 133 (0.6) | 1.02 (0.58–1.78), P = 0.95 | 1.07 (0.61–1.88), P = 0.80 |
| Perinatal mortality | 53 (1.9) | 399 (1.7) | 0.99 (0.73–1.35), P = 0.96 | 0.96 (0.70–1.32), P = 0.82 |
| NICU/SCN | 460 (16.6) | 3112 (13.9) | 1.23 (1.10–1.38), P < 0.001 | 1.05 (0.94–1.18), P = 0.39 |
| Maternal pregnancy conditions | ||||
| Gestational diabetes | 187 (6.7) | 1402 (6.2) | 1.08 (0.92–1.28), P = 0.35 | 1.02 (0.86–1.21), P = 0.83 |
| Pre‐eclampsia | 141 (5.0) | 993 (4.1) | 1.18 (0.99–1.41), P = 0.07 | 1.14 (0.94–1.37), P = 0.17 |
| Pregnancy and labor outcomes | ||||
| Mode of delivery | ||||
| Vaginal birth | 2135 (76.0) | 18 033 (79.5) | Reference | Reference |
| Cesarean section elective | 225 (8.0) | 1703 (7.5) | 1.12 (0.95–1.31), P = 0.19 | 1.08 (0.91–1.28), P = 0.40 |
| Cesarean section emergency | 449 (16.0) | 2939 (13.0) | 1.29 (1.15–1.45), P < 0.001 | 1.27 (1.13–1.44), P < 0.001 |
| Placenta praevia | 20 (0.7) | 114 (0.5) | 1.43 (0.89–2.31), P = 0.14 | 1.27 (0.78–2.06), P = 0.38 |
| Placental abruption | 32 (1.1) | 153 (0.7) | 1.70 (1.16–2.49), P = 0.007 | 1.59 (1.07–2.35), P = 0.02 |
| Preterm rupture of membranes | 322 (11.5) | 2361 (10.4) | 1.11 (0.98–1.26), P = 0.09 | 1.09 (0.96–1.24), P = 0.19 |
| Threatened preterm labor | 394 (14.0) | 2164 (9.5) | 1.55 (1.37–1.75), P < 0.001 | 1.58 (1.39–1.79), P < 0.001 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; NICU/SCN, neonatal intensive care unit/special care unit; OR, odds ratio; SGA, small for gestational age.
a
Adjusted for maternal age, smoking in pregnancy, remoteness, disadvantage, maternal mental illness, maternal pre‐existing medical conditions, and parity.