TABLE 5.
Motor and non‐motor scores in children with DCD and typically developing peers.
| Variable | Children with DCD | Typically developing children | Group difference | Partial η 2 | One‐sample t‐test |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full‐scale IQ a | 98.03 (19.1), 62–136 | 111.12 (9.39), 92–127 | F (1, 47) = 10.4, p FDR = 0.003 | 0.19 | t (35) = − 0.620, p FDR = 0.539 |
| Motor skills | |||||
| Total motor test score b | 4 (3), 1–8 | 8.5 (2.75), 5–11 | F (1, 43) = 99.6, p FDR <0.001 | 0.70 | t (34) = − 22, p FDR <0.001 |
| Manual dexterity b | 4 (1.25–6.75), 2–10 | 8 (5–11), 3–13 | F (1, 45) = 39.1, p FDR <0.001 | 0.46 | t (35) = − 17.8, p FDR <0.001 |
| Aiming and catching a | 6.64 (3), 2–13 | 9.75 (2.11), 6–14 | F (1, 44) = 12.8, p FDR = 0.001 | 0.23 | t (35) = − 6.66, p FDR <0.001 |
| Balance b | 5 (3–7), 1–10 | 9 (6–12), 5–14 | F (1, 45) = 52.5, p FDR <0.001 | 0.54 | t (34) = − 14.2, p FDR <0.001 |
| Attention | |||||
| Sky Search b | 8 (6–9), 1–16 | 11 (9–12), 4–13 | F (1, 45) = 10.2, p FDR = 0.003 | 0.18 | t (35) = − 3.73, p FDR <0.001 |
| Score! b | 6 (3–10), 1–14 | 10 (8–13), 5–14 | F (1, 45) = 15.0, p FDR <0.001 | 0.25 | t (35) = − 6.58, p FDR <0.001 |
| Creature counting b | 5.5 (4–10), 1–13 | 12 (9–14), 8–14 | F (1, 45) = 43.5, p FDR <0.001 | 0.49 | t (35) = − 6.47, p FDR <0.001 |
| Sky Search dual task b | 7 (1–8.75), 1–10 | 8 (8–11), 3–13 | F (1, 43) = 10.22, p FDR = 0.003 | 0.19 | t (33) = − 6.95, p FDR <0.001 |
| Opposite worlds time difference b | 9.01 (5.56–14.36), 0.92–24.71 | 7.30 (5.40–8.45), 3.05–13.55 | F (2, 43) = 1.82, p FDR = 0.185 | 0.04 | – |
| Non‐motor processing speed | |||||
| Same world time taken b | 14.35 (12.74–16.52), 10.15–23.09 | 10.82 (10.37–11.67), 9.37–16.05 | F (1, 43) = 27.3, p FDR <0.001 | 0.39 | – |
| ADHD symptomatology and executive functioning difficulties | |||||
| DSM‐5 ADHD Inattention Scale a | 78.3 (10.68), 58–90 | 48.3 (6.59), 38–64 | F (1, 44) = 123, p FDR <0.001 | 0.73 | t (35) = 17.2, p FDR <0.001 |
| DSM‐5 ADHD Hyperactivity Scale a | 75.4 (12.0), 48–90 | 46.5 (5.84), 39–61 | F (1, 45) = 90.9, p FDR <0.001 | 0.67 | t (35) = 13.0, p FDR <0.001 |
| Executive functioning difficulties a | 75.4 (10.72), 57–90 | 46.3 (5.62), 38–57 | F (1, 45) = 122, p FDR <0.001 | 0.72 | t (35) = 14.5, p FDR <0.001 |
Note: Full‐scale IQ mean (SD) = 100 (15), motor and attention measures mean (SD) = 10 (3); inattentive and hyperactive or impulsive symptomatology and executive functioning measures mean (SD) = 50 (10); significant results are indicated in bold. p FDR, false discovery rate (FDR)‐corrected p‐value. Covariates: full‐scale IQ (excluding full‐scale IQ analysis), maternal years of education, sex, ADHD probability index, and CCC‐2 communication profile indicative of autism spectrum disorder or autistic traits (yes/no).
Abbreviations: ADHD, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder; CCC‐2, Children's Communication Checklist; DCD, developmental coordination disorder; DSM‐5, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; IQR, interquartile range.
Mean (SD), range.
Median (IQR), range.