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The mitochondrial replication machinery mtDNA replication is dependent on nuclear‐encoded mtDNA‐specific transcription and replication factors that translocate to the mitochondrion. Firstly, mtDNA transcription is initiated, which is a pre‐requisite for replication to proceed. The key factors involved in mtDNA replication are POLGA, POLGB, TWNK, TOP1MT, and MTSSB. Each is specific to mtDNA replication only. ETC, electron transfer chain; mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA.
