Table 3.
Opioid‐related adverse drug events (ORADEs) in the modified‐ and immediate‐release opioid group or the immediate‐release opioid only matched groups. Values are number (proportion).
| Outcome | MR ± IR opioids | IR opioids only | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 347 | n = 347 | ||
| Total all ORADEs | 71 (20.5%) | 44 (12.7%) | 0.008 |
| Total gastro‐intestinal ORADEs | 37 (10.7%) | 15 (4.3%) | 0.002 |
| Constipation | 20 (5.8%) | 6 (1.7%) | 0.008 |
| Nausea and vomiting | 16 (4.6%) | 8 (2.3%) | 0.144 |
| Heartburn | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.3%) | 1.000 |
| Diarrhoea | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| Abdominal pain | 1 (0.3%) | 0 | 1.000 |
| Other gastro‐intestinal ORADEs | 0 | 1 (0.3%) | 1.000 |
| Total central nervous system ORADEs | 13 (3.7%) | 8 (2.3%) | 0.376 |
| Somnolence | 3 (0.9%) | 0 | 0.249 |
| Delirium a | 7 (2%) | 6 (1.7%) | 1.000 |
| Dizziness | 2 (0.6%) | 2 (0.6%) | 1.000 |
| Headache | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.3%) | 1.000 |
| Hallucinations | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| Sleep disturbance | 1 (0.3%) | 0 | 1.000 |
| Other central nervous system ORADEs | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| Respiratory depression | 9 (2.6%) | 8 (2.3%) | 1.000 |
| Urinary retention | 14 (4%) | 15 (4.3%) | 1.000 |
| Other ORADEs (total) | 7 (2.0%) | 3 (0.9%) | 0.340 |
| Pruritis | 1 (0.3%) | 2 (0.6%) | 1.000 |
| Dry mouth | 1 (0.3%) | 0 | 1.000 |
| Opioid toxicity | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| In‐hospital fall | 6 (1.7%) | 0 | 0.031 |
| Muscle spasm | 0 | 1 (0.3%) | 1.000 |
N/A, not applicable.
a
Not due to infective sources or substance withdrawal.