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. 2024 Mar 19;22:292. doi: 10.1186/s12967-024-04869-6

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Transcriptomics reveals similar DEG signatures in rhesus and human CRCs and indicates transcriptional downregulation of MLH1. A RNAseq revealed 1965 significantly differentially expressed genes (985 up, 980 down) in rhesus CRC compared to adjacent healthy colon. B Genes frequently dysregulated in human cancers are similarly altered in rhesus CRC including upregulation of MMPs, FAP, telomerase, tumor-promoting or associated pathways and reduction of GZMA, FRZB, CD69, and PPARG. A statistically significant downregulation of MLH1 was determined in rhesus CRC by (C) RNAseq and corroborated by (D) RT-qPCR. E In contrast, no difference was observed for the other MMR proteins MSH2, MSH6, and even PMS2. Statistical analysis was performed by Mann–Whitney U test and a p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant