Table 1.
Socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with severity of very severe viral acute respiratory infections (VSVARI) among children under five years of age
| Very severe viral acute respiratory infection compared to other SARI cases | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables |
Total sample
n
(%)
Total N = 1159 |
Total
VSVARI n (%VSVARI) Total n = 344 |
Crude OR
(95% CI) |
p-value |
Adjusted
OR (95% CI) |
p-value | |
| Age group | |||||||
| 0–3 months | 149 (12.9) | 58 (16.9) | 1.7 (1.2–2.4) | 0.006** | 1.5 (1.1–2.3) | 0.044* | |
| 4–11 months | 357 (30.8) | 107 (31.1) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 0.388 | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 0.581 | |
| 12–59 months | 653 (56.3) | 179 (52) | ref | --- | 1(ref.) | --- | |
| Area of residence | |||||||
| Urban | 514 (44.3) | 166 (48.3) | 1.25(1-1.6) | 0.082 | 1.3 (1.1–1.7) | 0.034* | |
| Rural | 645 (55.7) | 178 (51.7) | 1(ref.) | --- | 1(ref.) | --- | |
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 679(58.6) | 211(61.3) | 1.17(0.9–1.5) | 0.217 | --- | --- | |
| Female | 480(41.4) | 133(38.7) | 1(ref.) | --- | --- | --- | |
| Season*** | |||||||
| Dry season | 819(70.7) | 220(70.7) | 1(ref.) | -- | 1(ref.) | --- | |
| Rainy season | 344(29.3) | 124(340) | 1.6(1,2–2) | 0.001** | 1.4(1.1–1.9) | 0.028* | |
| Sites | |||||||
| Bogodogo | 324(28) | 73(21.2) | 1(ref.) | -- | --- | --- | |
| Bousse | 183(15.8) | 49(14.2) | 1.25(0.8–1.9) | 0.283 | --- | --- | |
| Kongoussi | 341(29.4) | 60(17.4) | 0.73(0.5–1.1) | 0.112 | --- | --- | |
| Houndé | 311(26.8) | 162(47.1) | 3.7(2.6–5.3) | < 0.001** | --- | --- | |
| Antibiotics before admission | |||||||
| No | 460(39.7) | 148(43) | 1(ref.) | -- | --- | --- | |
| Yes | 699(60.3) | 196(57) | 0.8(0.6–1.1) | 0.132 | --- | --- | |
| Antibiotics during hospitalization | |||||||
| No | 19(1.6) | 9(2.6) | 2.2(0.9–5.4) | 0.095 | 2.7(1.1–7.2) | 0.048* | |
| Yes | 1140(98.4) | 335(97.4) | 1(ref.) | -- | 1(ref.) | --- | |
| Type of antibiotics used | |||||||
| Ceftriaxone | 1121 (96.7) | 332(29.6) | 0.9(0.4–1.8) | 0.795 | --- | --- | |
| Penicilline G | 12(1.04) | 3(25) | 0.8(0.2–2.9) | 0.722 | --- | --- | |
| Gentamycin | 104(9) | 32(30.8) | 1.1(0.7–1.6) | 0.799 | --- | --- | |
| Others antibiotics**** | 29(2.5) | 3(10.34) | 0.3(0.1–0.9) | 0.031* | --- | --- | |
| Chronic health condition***** | |||||||
| No | 1147(99) | 340(98.8) | 1(ref.) | -- | --- | --- | |
| Yes | 12(1) | 4(1.2) | 1.2(0.3-4) | 0.776 | --- | --- | |
| Length of stay | |||||||
| 0–7 Days | 920(79.4) | 278(80.8) | 1.1(0.8–1.5) | 0.450 | --- | --- | |
| >7 Days | 239(20.6) | 66(19.2) | 1(ref.) | -- | --- | --- | |
| Malnutrition | |||||||
| No | 1072(92.5) | 323(93.9) | 1.3(0.8–2.2) | 0.247 | 1.6(0.9–2.8) | --- | |
| Yes | 87(7.5) | 21(6.1) | 1(ref.) | -- | 1(ref.) | --- | |
*p < 0.05 ** p < 0.01; VSVARI : Very severe viral acute respiratory infection ; ***Rainy season : June to September, dry season : October to may [25]; OR : odds ratio
****others antibiotics: Amoxicillin, metronidazole, ampicillin, cefotaxime; *****Chronic health conditions : asthma, circle cell diseases, HIV, diabetes, obesity, epilepsy, high blood pressure