Table 2.

Harm to patients and fear of consequences of harm

	Female	Male	P-value
“Have you ever caused harm to a patient?”
No	34.3% (44)	27.1% (159)	0.09
Yes, harm unknown	15.6% (20)	16.8% (98)	0.76
Yes, short-term harm	46.8% (60)	57.6% (338)	0.02
Yes, medium-term harm	5.4% (7)	6.9% (40)	0.57
Yes, long-term harm	4.6% (6)	5.8% (34)	0.61
“How great are your fears of legal, employment, or civil sanctions if a patient were harmed as a result of your work?”
Great fear of short-term harm	78.9% (101)	85.1% (499)	0.08
Great fear of medium-term harm	42.9% (55)	50.5% (296)	0.12
Great fear of long-term harm	20.3% (26)	23.5% (138)	0.43
Why wouldn’t you be open about mistakes?
Fear of legal sanctions	48.4% (62)	44.9% (263)	0.46
Fear of employment law sanctions	42.1% (54)	40.8% (239)	0.77
Shame in front of colleagues and superiors	52.6% (67)	31.7% (186)	< 0.01
No appreciation from colleagues for admission of mistake	44.2% (57)	37.5% (220)	0.14
Errors or similar are not an issue for me	5.3% (7)	5.8% (34)	0.88
Shame and the subject do not interest me	3.2% (4)	15.2% (89)	< 0.01