Table 2.

Adjusted hazard ratios of prenatal antibiotics for childhood atopic diseases by Cox regression models*

Variables	Asthma			Allergic rhinitis			Atopic dermatitis
	aHR	95%CI		aHR	95%CI		aHR	95%CI
Antibiotics	1.06	1.05	1.07	1.08	1.07	1.09	1.12	1.11	1.13
Maternal age
< 25	1.00			1.00			1.00
25–29	1.13	1.12	1.14	1.27	1.26	1.28	1.17	1.15	1.18
30–34	1.10	1.09	1.11	1.32	1.31	1.33	1.22	1.20	1.23
≥ 35	0.97	0.96	0.99	1.21	1.20	1.23	1.10	1.09	1.12
Mode of delivery
Cesarean section	1.05	1.04	1.05	1.02	1.02	1.03	1.05	1.04	1.06
Maternal comorbidity
Diabetes mellitus	1.03	0.98	1.08	1.03	0.99	1.06	1.02	0.98	1.07
Hypertension	1.02	0.98	1.07	0.93	0.90	0.96	0.99	0.94	1.04
Hyperlipidemia	1.10	1.06	1.13	1.15	1.12	1.18	1.17	1.13	1.21
Maternal allergic disease
Asthma	1.58	1.55	1.61	1.18	1.16	1.20	1.18	1.15	1.20
Allergic rhinitis	1.31	1.30	1.32	1.53	1.52	1.54	1.29	1.28	1.31
Atopic dermatitis	1.06	1.03	1.08	1.12	1.10	1.14	1.55	1.52	1.59
Pregnancy-related complication
Anemia	1.02	0.97	1.07	0.98	0.94	1.01	0.96	0.91	1.01
Gestational diabetes mellitus	0.99	0.97	1.02	1.10	1.08	1.12	1.15	1.12	1.18
Gestational hypertension	1.06	0.95	1.18	0.97	0.90	1.06	1.02	0.91	1.14
Pre-eclampsia or eclampsia	0.91	0.84	1.00	1.00	0.94	1.06	1.00	0.91	1.09
Placenta previa and abruptio placentae	1.10	1.07	1.13	1.08	1.06	1.10	1.08	1.05	1.11
Male gender	1.33	1.32	1.34	1.29	1.29	1.30	1.04	1.03	1.05

aHR adjusted hazard ratio, CI confidence intervals

*Models adjusted for maternal age, mode of delivery, maternal comorbidity, maternal allergic disease, and pregnancy-related complications