TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of study subjects (before and after propensity score matching).
| Before matching | After matching | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic Name | Midodrine group (n = 6435) | Non-midodrine group (n = 9174) | p-value | SMD | Midodrine group (n = 5813) | Non-midodrine group (n = 5813) | p-value | SMD |
| Demographic data | ||||||||
| Age at Index (y/o) | 65.0 ± 13.1 | 61.3 ± 13.9 | <0.001 | 0.2757 | 64.1 ± 13.2 | 64.2 ± 12.9 | 0.9496 | 0.0012 |
| Male | 4085(63.48%) | 5998(65.38%) | 0.0146 | 0.0397 | 3718(63.96%) | 3738(64.30%) | 0.6990 | 0.0072 |
| Race | ||||||||
| White | 4294(66.73%) | 5342(58.23%) | <0.001 | 0.1762 | 3737(64.29%) | 3766(64.79%) | 0.5740 | 0.0104 |
| Black or African American | 1210(18.80%) | 2348(25.59%) | <0.001 | 0.1639 | 1186(20.40%) | 1167(20.08%) | 0.6610 | 0.0081 |
| Asian | 147(2.28%) | 164(1.79%) | 0.0288 | 0.0352 | 130(2.24%) | 120(2.06%) | 0.5226 | 0.0119 |
| Vital sign | ||||||||
| Blood Pressure, Systolic (mmHg) | 88.9 ± 21.5 | 89.8 ± 20.2 | 0.0137 | 0.0424 | 88.8 ± 21.4 | 90.4 ± 20.4 | <0.001 | 0.0778 |
| Comorbidity | ||||||||
| Ischemic heart diseases | 4771(74.14%) | 6502(70.87%) | <0.001 | 0.0732 | 4240(72.94%) | 4255(73.20%) | 0.7538 | 0.0058 |
| Cardiomyopathy | 3307(51.39%) | 5685(61.97%) | <0.001 | 0.2147 | 3161(54.38%) | 3138(53.98%) | 0.6686 | 0.0079 |
| DM | 3075(47.79%) | 4043(44.07%) | <0.001 | 0.0746 | 2716(46.72%) | 2712(46.65%) | 0.9407 | 0.0014 |
| COPD | 2071(32.18%) | 2558(27.88%) | <0.001 | 0.0939 | 1799(30.95%) | 1824(31.38%) | 0.6166 | 0.0093 |
| Laboratory data of blood | ||||||||
| Glomerular filtration rate (MDRD) (ml/min/1.732m2) | 59.15 ± 40.84 | 58.32 ± 29.25 | 0.1545 | 0.0234 | 59.34 ± 40.85 | 57.23 ± 28.91 | 0.0020′ | 0.0594 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 9872.8 ± 11977.7 | 8308.2 ± 10699.1 | <0.001 | 0.1378 | 9812.3 ± 11915.1 | 8708.1 ± 11221.9 | 0.0056 | 0.0954 |
| LVEF (%) | 27.5 ± 11.0 | 25.7 ± 11.4 | 0.0005 | 0.1556 | 27.4 ± 11.0 | 27.1 ± 11.5 | 0.5724 | 0.0295 |
| Medication | ||||||||
| ACE inhibitor | 2089(32.46%) | 3944(42.99%) | <0.001 | 0.2185 | 2026(34.85%) | 1970(33.89%) | 0.2742 | 0.0203 |
| Angiotensin II inhibitor (including angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitor) | 2104(32.70%) | 3297(35.94%) | <0.001 | 0.0683 | 1923(33.08%) | 1955(33.63%) | 0.5290 | 0.0117 |
| Beta blockers | 5184(80.56%) | 7383(80.48%) | 0.8987 | 0.0021 | 4649(79.98%) | 4618(79.44%) | 0.4747 | 0.0133 |
| Spironolactone | 2556(39.72%) | 4335(47.25%) | <0.001 | 0.1524 | 2414(41.53%) | 2431(41.82%) | 0.7491 | 0.0059 |
| Eplerenone | 142(2.21%) | 324(3.53%) | <0.001 | 0.0794 | 140(2.41%) | 148(2.55%) | 0.6331 | 0.0089 |
| Empagliflozin | 480(7.46%) | 695(7.58%) | 0.7859 | 0.0044 | 439(7.55%) | 434(7.47%) | 0.8603 | 0.0033 |
| Dapagliflozin | 365(5.67%) | 538(5.86%) | 0.6125 | 0.0080 | 325(5.59%) | 327(5.63%) | 0.9357 | 0.0015 |
| Canagliflozin | 28(0.44%) | 45(0.49%) | 0.6175 | 0.0082 | 25(0.43%) | 23(0.40% | 0.7724 | 0.0054 |
| Ivabradine | 130(2.02%) | 200(2.18%) | 0.4943 | 0.0111 | 122(2.10%) | 117(2.01%) | 0.7438 | 0.0060 |
DM, diabetes mellitus; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; MDRD, modification of diet in renal disease; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; ACE, inhibitor Angiotensin-converting enzyme; SDM: standardized mean difference.