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. 2024 Jan 9;11(11):2302916. doi: 10.1002/advs.202302916

Figure 4.

Figure 4

AQP4 inhibition ameliorates CCI‐induced neuropathic pain and astrocyte swelling. A1‐A2) Behavioral tests of PWMT and PWTL after daily i.t. administration of the AQP4 inhibitor TGN‐020 over 7 days after CCI modeling. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, n = 8, two‐way ANOVA with repeated measures followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test. B1) Representative 3D orthogonal confocal images of GFAP‐stained astrocytes in each treatment group of rats SDH after i.t. administration of AQP4 inhibitor. Scale bar = 100 µm. B2‐B3) Morphological changes (average processes length and cell volume) of GFAP‐stained astrocytes in each treatment group of rats SDH after i.t. administration of AQP4 inhibitor. **p < 0.01, n = 30 (3 rats per group, and 10 typical cells per rat were analyzed), two‐tailed unpaired student's t‐test. C1‐C2) Representative fluorescence images of CTX‐TNA2 cells Calcein AM permeation assay in vitro and relative mean fluorescence intensity statistics of cells. *p < 0.05, n = 3, two‐tailed unpaired student's t‐test. D1‐D5) Indicated mRNA expression in the SDH after daily intrathecal administration of AQP4 inhibitor in CCI rats. ***p < 0.001, n = 6, two‐tailed unpaired student's t‐test.