TABLE 6.

Determinants of HRQoL among gastrointestinal cancer patients.

	Esophageal cancer				Gastric cancer				Colorectal cancer
Variable	Bivariate analysis		Multivariate analysis		Bivariate analysis		Multivariate analysis		Bivariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	COR (95% CI)	p‐value	AOR (95% CI)	p‐value	COR (95% CI)	p‐value	AOR (95% CI)	p‐value	COR (95% CI)	p‐value	AOR (95% CI)	p‐value
Age (in years)
<60 years	1		1		1		1		1		1
≥60 years	1.1 (0.5–2.2)	.8	1.2 (0.5–2.6)	.7	1.3 (0.5–3)	.6	1.7 (0.6–4.6)	.3	1.5 (0.6–3.8)	.4	0.9 (0.3–3.1)	.9
Gender
Male	1		1		1		1		1		1
Female	0.8 (0.4–1.7)	.6	1.1 (0.5–2.4)	.8	1.1 (0.4–2.6)	.8	1.1 (0.4–3)	.8	1.4 (0.6–3.7)	.5	1.5 (0.5–4.2)	.4
Education level
Formal education	1		1		1		1		1		1
Informal education	1.6 (0.6–4.6)	.4	1.8 (0.6–5.9)	.3	0.3 (0.1–1)	.06	0.2 (0.1–2.2)	.1	1.2 (0.2–6.7)	.8	1.5 (0.2–10.8)	.7
Co‐morbidity
Absent			1		1		1		1		1
Present	2.8 (1.4–2.7)	.03 *	3.9 (2.4–5.8)	.02 *	2.5 (1.2–4.2)	.04 *	2.3 (2.2–4.6)	.01 *	1.5 (1.2–2.4)	.02 *	2.5 (1.3–4.5)	.03 *
Histological type
Squamous cell carcinoma	1		1		1		1		1		1
Adenocarcinoma	0.4 (0.1–1.9)	.2	0.4 (0.1–1.8)	.2	0.6 (0.2–1.4)	.4	0.5 (0.3–1.2)	.2	0.6 (0.2–1.4)	.7	0.7 (0.3–1.6)	.8
Stage of the disease
Early stage (I andII)	1		1		1		1		1		1
Advanced stage (III and IV)	1.7 (1.4–2.5)	.04 *	2.8 (1.3–3.7)	.03 *	2.8 (1.4–4.1)	.02 *	1.8 (1.5–5.3)	.04 *	2.3 (1.3–4.9)	.03 *	10.3 (1.8–13.4)	.03 *
Treatment regimen
Combination therapy	1		1		1		1		1		1
Surgery	0.8 (0.4–1.9)	.7	0.9 (0.4–2.1)	.8	1.9 (0.2–1.2)	.6	2.4 (0.7–8.6)	.2	0.4 (0.1–1.3)	.1	0.1 (0.1–0.9)	.4
Chemotherapy	1.2 (0.2–6.9)	.8	1.5 (0.2–9.6)	.7	1.8 (0.4–1.3)	.7	1.5 (0.5–4.5)	.5	1.9 (0.5–7.6)	.3	2.2 (0.5–8.9)	.3
Radiotherapy	0.1 (0.2–1.2)	.1	0.1 (0.2–1.2)	.06	1.2 (0.2–0.6)	.2	1.2 (0.3–1.4)	1.0	1.7 (0.6–2.3)	.2	0.1 (0.3–2.2)	1.0

Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; COR, crude odds ratio.

^*Statistically significant, p‐value ≤.05 (in bold).