Table 3.
Likelihood of Having a Numeric Pain Tool Used When Assessing Pain Among 51,602 Patient Hospitalizations (Results from the Multivariate Model).
| Adjusted Odds Ratio, 95% CI | P value | |
|---|---|---|
|
| ||
| RACE/ETHNICITY | ||
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 1.21 (0.99–1.49) | .068 |
| Asian | 0.74 (0.70–0.78) | <.001 |
| Black or African American | 0.98 (0.90–1.05) | .545 |
| Latino | 0.93 (0.87–1.00) | .039 |
| Multi-Race/Ethnicity | 0.84 (0.75–0.94) | .002 |
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0.88 (0.74–1.06) | .177 |
| Other/Unknown | 0.81 (0.73–0.91) | <.001 |
| White | ref | - |
| GENDER | ||
| Female | ref | - |
| Male | 0.98 (0.94–1.02) | .253 |
| Nonbinary | 2.28 (1.54–3.38) | <.001 |
| Unknown | 1.32 (0.23–7.70) | .757 |
| LIMITED ENGLISH PROFICIENCY STATUS | ||
| Yes | 0.61 (0.58–0.65) | <.001 |
| No | ref | - |
| OTHER COVARIATES | ||
| Time (by year of study) | 0.82 (0.81–0.83) | <.001 |
| Age (year) | 0.98 (0.98–0.98) | <.001 |
| Cancer Pain | 1.38 (1.21–1.58) | <.001 |
| Comfort Care | 0.55 (0.50–0.60) | <.001 |
| Opioid on Admission | 1.62 (1.56–1.69) | <.001 |
| Length of Stay (day) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | <.001 |
| Comorbidity Index (Elixhauser Score) | 0.99 (0.99–0.99) | <.001 |