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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Mar 20.
Published in final edited form as: Thorax. 2023 Jul 9;78(9):942–945. doi: 10.1136/thorax-2022-218668

Table 1.

Association of wealth score and poverty with FEV1/FVC (%) and chronic airflow obstruction (CAO).

Outcome variable FEV1/FVC (%) CAO (FEV1/FVC<LLN)
Model 1 (main model) Model 2 Model 1 (Main model) Model 2
Variable Coeff (95% Crl) Coeff (95% Crl) RR (95% Crl) RR (95% Crl)
Wealth score 0.30 (0.19, 0.41) 0.26 (0.16, 0.36) 0.89 (0.86, 0.92) 0.93 (0.89, 0.96)
Poverty −1.19 (−1.61, −0.77) −1.03 (−1.42, −0.63) 1.57 (1.32, 1.87) 1.34 (1.12, 1.61)

FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC: forced vital capacity; LLN: lower limit of normal; wealth score: calculated from ownership of a range of assets; Poverty: defined as a wealth score lower than 8; Education: the highest level of education completed. Model 1 (main model), accounts for age and sex. Model 2, accounts for age, sex and education