Extended Data Table 3.

Estimates for the two main meta-regressions using two alternative definitions of stabilizing CNDD

Species-site-specific CNDD estimates (n = 2,534 species or species groups from 23 forest sites) were calculated as the absolute change in mortality probability (aAME) and as the relative change in mortality probability (rAME) but at low conspecific densities (invasion densities; see ‘Quantification of conspecific density dependence’ in Methods). For the meta-regressions, aAMEs were not transformed and can be simply multiplied by 100 to obtain the absolute change in annual mortality probability induced by additional conspecific neighbour in per cent. For rAMEs, back-transformation is necessary as in Table 1. Predictions of the meta-regressions are shown in Extended Data Figs. 4 and 5.