Table 3.

Ambient air pollution exposure was associated with a priori HMOs.

	NO2		PM10		PM2.5
	β	P Value	β	P Value	β	P Value
HMO summary measures
Diversity	− 0.32	0.02	− 0.34	0.01	− 0.49	0.0002
Sum (nmol/mL)	71.98	0.58	177.46	0.17	398.96	0.002
HMO-bound sialic acid (nmol/mL)	− 114.53	0.04	− 61.79	0.28	− 60.40	0.28
HMO-bound fucose (nmol/mL)	132.87	0.34	115.37	0.41	287.84	0.04
HMO concentrations
2’FL (nmol/mL)	250.83	0.27	251.06	0.27	558.66	0.01
6’SL (nmol/mL)	1.18	0.96	38.53	0.11	27.64	0.25
DSLNT (nmol/mL)	− 19.31	0.18	− 12.45	0.39	− 12.72	0.37
3FL (nmol/mL)	35.84	0.72	239.38	0.02	336.68	0.0008
LNT (nmol/mL)	− 75.40	0.09	− 41.95	0.36	− 41.18	0.36
LNnT (nmol/mL)	2.56	0.91	− 12.66	0.58	− 12.78	0.57

Effect estimates (β) and unadjusted p values from the multivariate linear regression models are shown. Models adjusted for maternal age and socioeconomic status. All effect estimates (β) are reported for a one standard deviation increase in NO₂ (SD: 2.23 ppb), PM₁₀ (SD: 3.65 µg/$m^3$), and PM_2.5 exposure (SD: 1.02 µg/$m^3$). Unadjusted P-values less than 0.05 are denoted in bold text.