FIGURE 5.

Milestones in the early characterization of mTOR hyperactivity in tumors. The first immunohistochemical characterizations of mTOR activity in the most common and later less common tumor types in the early 2000 s and our domestic characterizations (our work highlighted in a frame) are shown in the figure. Green and red circles indicate histopathological studies that detected general and/or specific mTORC1 complex markers (mTOR/p-mTOR; S6/p-S6, 4EBP1/p-4EBP1, P70S6K/p-P70S6K, Raptor) and specific mTORC2 complex markers (Akt/p-Akt, Rictor). Numbers indicate references. Abbreviations: ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; DLBCL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; GIST, gastrointestinal stromal tumor; LAM, lymphangioleiomyomatosis; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; SCLC, small cell lung cancer [11–52].