. 2024 Feb 29;72(4):254–291. doi: 10.1007/s11748-023-01997-6

Table 2.

Acquired (total, (1) + (2) + (4) + (5) + (6) + (7) + isolated operations for arrhythmia in (3); 31,479

(1) Valvelar heart disease (total; 17,661)
	Valve	Cases	Operation					30-Day mortality				Hospital mortality		Redo
			Mechanical	Bioprosthesis	Repair	Unknown	With CABG	Hospital		After discharge		Hospital mortality		Cases	30-Day mortality		Hospital mortality
			Mechanical	Bioprosthesis	Repair	Unknown	With CABG	Replace	Repair	Replace	Repair	Replace	Repair	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality
Isolated	A	8206	879	7142	113	72	2020	118 (1.5)	0	4 (0.05)	1 (0.9)	202 (2.5)	2 (1.8)	625	23 (3.7)	0	33 (5.3)
	M	4415	384	847	3155	29	557	63 (5.1)	21 (0.7)	0	2 (0.06)	97 (7.9)	39 (1.2)	527	18 (3.3)	1 (0.2)	34 (6.5)
	T	221	7	44	167	3	37	0	7 (4.2)	0	0	3 (5.9)	11 (6.6)	57	1 (1.8)	0	3 (5.3)
	P	20	0	17	0	3	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	16	0	0	0
A + M		971					152	42 (4.3)		1 (0.1)		74 (7.6)		143	11 (7.7)	0	17 (11.9)
	A		171	777	22	1
	M		134	308	520	9
A + T		366					50	6 (1.6)		0		16 (4.4)		55	2 (3.6)	0	4 (7.3)
	A		38	323	5	0
	T		0	0	358	8
M + T		2663					274	44 (1.7)		1 (0.04)		81 (3.0)		317	7 (2.2)	0	13 (4.1)
	M		255	750	1631	27
	T		6	17	2622	18
A + M + T		738					89	29 (3.9)		0		49 (6.6)		99	5 (5.1)	0	6 (6.1)
	A		100	624	12	2
	M		96	278	356	8
	T		3	6	728	1
others		61					3	1 (1.6)		0		3 (4.9)		23	1 (4.3)	0	1 (4.3)
Total		17,661					3183	303 (1.7)		6 (0.03)		525 (3.0)		1862	68 (3.7)	1 (0.05)	111 (6.0)

	Cases	30-day mortality
TAVR	12,202	140 (1.1)

(2) Ischemic heart disease (total, (A) + (B); 11,364)
(A) Isolated CABG (total; (a) + (b); 10,184)
(a-1) On-pump arrest CABG (total; 2374)
	Primary, elective				Primary, emergent				Redo, elective				redo, emergent				Artery only	Artery + SVG	SVG only	others	Unclear
	Cases	30 day mortality		Hospital mortality	Cases	30 day mortality		Hospital mortality	Cases	30 day mortality		Hospital mortality	Cases	30 day mortality		Hospital mortality
	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality
1VD	46	0 (0.0)	0	0 (0.0)	11	3 (27.3)	0	3 (27.3)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	16	24	15	2	0
2VD	296	1 (0.3)	0	4 (1.4)	27	3 (11.1)	0	3 (11.1)	0	0	0	0	1	0 (0.0)	0	0 (0.0)	38	263	22	1	0
3VD	877	12 (1.4)	0	17 (1.9)	111	8 (7.2)	0	10 (9.0)	3	0 (0.0)	0	0 (0.0)	0	0	0	0	45	916	22	8	0
LMT	796	8 (1.0)	0	11 (1.4)	168	6 (3.6)	0	13 (7.7)	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	69	851	43	6	1
No info	21	1	0	1 (4.8)	8	1 (12.5)	0	4 (50.0)	1	0 (0.0)	0	1 (100.0)	2	1 (50.0)	0	1 (50.0)	3	15	11	1	2
Total	2036	22 (1.1)	0	33 (1.6)	325	21 (6.5)	0	33 (10.2)	10	0 (0.0)	0	1 (10.0)	3	1 (33.3)	0	1 (33.3)	171	2069	113	18	3
Kawasaki	4	1 (25.0)	0	0 (0.0)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	0	0	0	0
on dialysis	250	10 (4.0)	0	14 (5.6)	36	4	0	6 (16.7)	3	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	20	252	16	1	0
(), % mortality
CABG coronary artery bypass grafting; 1VD one-vessel disease; 2VD two-vessel disease; 3VD three-vessel disease; LMT left main trunk; SVG saphenous vein graft
LMT includes LMT alone or LMT with other branch diseases

(a-2) On-pump beating CABG (total; 2003)
	Primary, elective				Primary, emergent				Redo, elective				Redo, emergent				Artery only	Artery + SVG	SVG only	Others	Unclear
	Cases	30 day mortality		Hospital mortality	Cases	30 day mortality		Hospital mortality	Cases	30 day mortality		Hospital mortality	Cases	30 day mortality		Hospital mortality
	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality
1VD	38	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	11	1 (9.1)	0	2 (18.2)	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	23	17	10	0	0
2VD	206	1 (0.5)	2 (1.0)	3 (1.5)	38	1 (2.6)	0	3 (7.9)	5	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	52	174	22	2	0
3VD	662	11 (1.7)	0 (0.0)	18 (2.7)	110	13 (11.8)	0	19 (17.3)	4	0	0	0 (0.0)	3	1 (33.3)	0	1 (33.3)	81	668	28	2	0
LMT	643	17 (2.6)	1 (0.2)	27 (4.2)	228	19 (8.3)	0	26 (11.4)	11	1 (9.1)	0	2 (18.2)	3	0	0	1 (33.3)	116	731	32	5	1
no info	27	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (3.7)	9	1 (11.1)	0	1 (11.1)	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	1 (33.3)	14	18	7	0	0
Total	1576	29 (1.8)	3 (0.2)	49 (3.1)	396	35 (8.8)	0 (0.0)	51 (12.9)	20	1 (5.0)	0	2 (10.0)	11	1 (9.1)	0	3 (27.3)	286	1608	99	9	1
Kawasaki	2	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	2	1	0	0
on dialysis	255	11 (4.3)	1	21 (8.2)	59	9 (15.3)	0 (0.0)	11 (18.6)	6	1 (16.7)	0	2 (33.3)	1	1 (100.0)	0	1 (100.0)	23	278	19	1	0
(), % mortality
CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; 1VD, one-vessel disease; 2VD two-vessel disease; 3VD, three-vessel disease; LMT, left main trunk; SVG, saphenous vein graft
LMT includes LMT alone or LMT with other branch diseases

(b) Off-pump CABG (total; 5807)
(Including cases of planned off-pump CABG in which, during surgery, the change is made to an on-pump CABG or on-pump beating-heart procedure)
	Primary, elective				Primary, emergent				Redo, elective				Redo, emergent				Artery only	Artery + SVG	SVG only	Others	Unclear
	Cases	30 day mortality		Hospital mortality	Cases	30 day mortality		Hospital mortality	Cases	30 day mortality		Hospital mortality	Cases	30 day mortality		Hospital mortality
	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality
1VD	307	0 (0.0)	0	5 (1.6)	36	3 (8.3)	0	6 (16.7)	7	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	244	72	32	0	2
2VD	786	6 (0.8)	0	9 (1.1)	63	1 (1.6)	0	4 (6.3)	8	0	0	1 (12.5)	0	0	0	0	299	533	20	4	1
3VD	2093	21 (1.0)	1 (0.0)	35 (1.7)	186	5 (2.7)	0	11 (5.9)	14	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	462	1780	36	15	1
LMT	1873	14 (0.7)	1 (0.1)	26 (1.4)	331	10 (3.0)	1 (0.3)	18 (5.4)	13	0	0	1 (7.7)	2	0	0	0	603	1562	44	10	0
no info	67	1 (1.5)	0 (0.0)	1 (1.5)	15	1	0	1 (6.7)	4	0	0	0	1	1 (100.0)	0	1 (100.0)	34	45	7	1	0
Total	5126	42 (0.8)	2 (0.0)	76 (1.5)	631	20 (3.2)	1 (0.2)	40 (6.3)	46	0	0	2 (4.3)	4	1 (25.0)	0	1 (25.0)	1642	3992	139	30	4
Kawasaki	15	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	7	9	0	0	1
On dialysis	566	12 (2.1)	1 (0.2)	26 (4.6)	55	6 (10.9)	0	10 (18.2)	13	0	0	2 (15.4)	1	0	0	0	154	458	18	5	0
(), % mortality
CABG coronary artery bypass grafting; 1VD one-vessel disease; 2VD two-vessel disease; 3VD three-vessel disease; LMT left main trunk; SVG saphenous vein graft
LMT includes LMT alone or LMT with other branch diseases

(c) Cases of conversion, during surgery, from off-pump CABG to on-pump CABG or on- pump beating-heart CABG (these cases are also included in category (b))
	Primary, elective				Primary, emergent				Redo, elective				Redo, emergent
	Cases	30 day mortality		Hospital mortality	Cases	30 day mortality		Hospital mortality	Cases	30 day mortality		Hospital mortality	Cases	30 day mortality		Hospital mortality
	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality
Converted to arrest	24	2 (8.3)	0	2 (8.3)	8	0 (0.0)	0	1 (12.5)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Converted to beating	107	5 (4.7)	0	6 (5.6)	17	3 (17.6)	0	6 (35.3)	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total	131	7 (5.3)	0	8 (6.1)	25	3 (12.0)	0	7 (28.0)	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
On dialysis	28	5 (17.9)	0	5 (17.9)	3	1 (33.3)	0	1 (33.3)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
(), % mortality
CABG coronary artery bypass grafting

(B) Operation for complications of MI (total; 1180)
	Chronic				Acute				Concomitant operation
	Cases	30-day mortality		Hospital mortality	Cases	30-day mortality		Hospital mortality	Concomitant operation
	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality	CABG	MVP	MVR
Infarctectomy or Aneurysmectomy	90	6 (6.7)	0	8 (8.9)	36	10 (27.8)	1 (2.8)	15 (41.7)	56	14	6
VSP closure	86	12 (14.0)	0	21 (24.4)	244	60 (24.6)	0	77 (31.6)	85	9	0
Cardiac rupture	50	7 (14.0)	0	10 (20.0)	231	64 (27.7)	0	78 (33.8)	38	3	4
Mitral regurgitation
(1) Papillary muscle rupture	23	2 (8.7)	0	2 (8.7)	70	14 (20.0)	0	20 (28.6)	35	15	78
(2) Ischemic	142	9 (6.3)	0	11 (7.7)	39	6 (15.4)	0	9 (23.1)	134	111	70
Others	90	1 (1.1)	0	2 (2.2)	79	20 (25.3)	0	25 (31.6)	59	10	4
Total	481	37 (7.7)	0	54 (11.2)	699	174 (24.9)	1 (0.1)	224 (32.0)	407	162	162
(), % mortality
MI myocardial infarction; CABG coronary artery bypass grafting; MVP mitral valve repair; MVR mitral valve replacement; VSP ventricular septal perforation
Acute, within 2 weeks from the onset of myocardial infarction

(3) Operation for arrhythmia (total; 6720)
	Cases	30-day mortality		Hospital mortality	Concomitant operation
		30-day mortality			Isolated	Congenital	Valve	IHD	Others	Multiple combination
		Hospital	After discharge		Isolated	Congenital	Valve	IHD	Others	2 categories	3 categories
Maze	3442	53 (1.5)	0	98 (2.8)	155	172	2918	572	319	660	36
For WPW	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	1	0
For ventricular tachyarrhythmia	23	0	0	1 (4.3)	1	1	4	10	5	3	0
Others	3254	74 (2.3)	2 (0.06)	127 (3.9)	80	153	2680	635	382	654	38
Total	6720	127 (1.9)	2 (0.03)	226 (3.4)	236	326	5603	1218	706	1318	74
(), % mortality
WPW Wolff–Parkinson-White syndrome; IHD ischemic heart disease
Except for 170 isolated cases, all remaining 5164 cases are doubly allocated, one for this subgroup and the other for the subgroup corresponding to the concomitant operations

(4) Operation for constrictive pericarditis (total; 190)
	CPB ( +)				CPB ( −)
	Cases	30-day mortality		Hospital mortality	Cases	30-day mortality		Hospital mortality
	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality
Total	102	6 (5.9)	0	12 (11.8)	88	4 (4.5)	2 (2.3)	7 (8.0)
(), % mortality
CPB cardiopulmonary bypass

(5) Cardiac tumor (total; 618)
	Cases	30-day mortality		Hospital mortality	Concomitant operation
	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality	AVR	MVR	CABG	Others
Benign tumor	550	6 (1.1)	0	8 (1.5)	24	15	40	120
(Cardiac myxoma)	392	2 (0.5)	0	3 (0.8)	7	3	22	73
Malignant tumor	68	8 (11.8)	0	8 (11.8)	0	2	7	13
(Primary)	38	3 (7.9)	0	3 (7.9)	0	1	4	8
(), % mortality
AVR aortic valve replacement; MVR mitral valve replacement; CABG coronary artery bypass grafting

(6) HOCM and DCM (total; 226)
	Cases	30-day mortality		Hospital mortality	Concomitant operation
	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality	AVR	MVR	MVP	CABG
Myectomy	116	4 (3.4)	0	5 (4.3)	41	16	14	6
Myotomy	4	0	0	0	1	1	0	0
No-resection	100	7 (7.0)	0	13 (13.0)	20	51	49	4
Volume reduction surgery of the left ventricle	6	0	0	1 (16.7)	1	0	4	1
Total	226	11 (4.9)	0	19 (8.4)	63	68	67	11
(), % mortality
HOCM hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy; DCM dilated cardiomyopathy; AVR aortic valve replacement; MVR mitral valve replacement; MVP mitral valve repair, CABG coronary artery bypass grafting

(7) Other open-heart operation (total; 1184)
	Cases	30-day mortality		Hospital mortality
	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality
Open-heart operation	491	57 (11.6)	0	82 (16.7)
Non-open-heart operation	693	81 (11.7)	0	115 (16.6)
Total	1184	138 (11.7)	0	197 (16.6)
(), % mortality