TABLE 2.

Drug candidates for the treatment of silicosis.

Name	Mechanism	Ref
Nintedanib	↓block FGF receptor-1	Wollin et al. (2014), Wollin et al. (2015)
	↓block PDGF receptor
	↓Src pathway
Pirfenidone	↓macrophage polarization	Li et al. (2018), Guo et al. (2019), Cao et al. (2022), Tang et al. (2022)
	↓IL-17A
	↓TAK1-MAPK-Snail/NF-κB pathway
Tetrandrine	↓NLRP3 activation	Bhagya and Chandrashekar (2016), Song et al. (2022)
N-acetylcysteine	↓NF-κB activation	Zhang et al. (2013)
Tanshinone IIA	↓inflammatory cells (neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes)	Zhu et al. (2016)
	↓TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β
Dioscin	↑AMs autophagy	Du et al. (2019)
	↓AMs ROS
	↓AMs apoptosis
	↓secretion of inflammatory factors and chemokines.
Trehalose	↑AMs autophagy	Tan et al. (2020)
	↓AMs apoptosis
Atractylenolide III	↓AMs autophagy by mTOR-dependent manner	Chen et al. (2021)
	↓AMs apoptosis
	↑blockage of autophagic degradation in AMs
Bicyclol	↓macrophage polarization	Zhan et al. (2021)
TY-51469	↓chymase in mast cells	Takato et al. (2011)
	↓neutrophils
MCC950	↓NLRP3 activation	Lam et al. (2022)
	↓IL-1β, IL-18