Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Patients in the MOABP and MBP Plus Placebo Groups.
| Characteristic | No. (%)a | |
|---|---|---|
| MBP plus placebo (n = 288) | MOABP (n = 277) | |
| Age, median (IQR), y | 69 (62-74) | 70 (62-75) |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 98 (34.0) | 119 (43.0) |
| Male | 190 (66.0) | 158 (57.0) |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 25.14 (22.99-28.40) | 26.12 (23.27-29.18) |
| Hypoalbuminemiab | 59 (21.6)c | 60 (22.3)d |
| Anemiae | 94 (32.6) | 80 (28.9) |
| CEA, ng/mL | 2.00 (1.2-3.5)f | 2.20 (1.3-5.0)g |
| Smoker | 44 (15.3)h | 30 (10.9) |
| ASA physical status scorei | ||
| 1 | 8 (2.8) | 9 (3.2) |
| 2 | 122 (42.4) | 113 (40.8) |
| 3 | 143 (49.7) | 146 (51.6) |
| 4 | 15 (5.2) | 9 (3.2) |
| Comorbidities | ||
| Coronary disease (not infarction) | 20 (6.9) | 26 (9.4) |
| Hypertension | 93 (32.3) | 114 (41.2) |
| Myocardial infarction | 8 (2.8) | 8 (2.9) |
| Congestive heart failure | 10 (3.5) | 6 (2.2) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 28 (9.7) | 27 (9.7) |
| ASO | 6 (2.1) | 5 (1.8) |
| CVA or TIA | 14 (4.9) | 12 (4.3) |
| Hemiplegia | 1 (0.3) | 0 |
| Dementia | 2 (0.7) | 3 (1.1) |
| COPD or asthma | 14 (4.9) | 25 (9.0) |
| Connective tissue disease | 7 (2.4) | 4 (1.4) |
| Diabetes | ||
| Without complications | 35 (12.2) | 45 (16.2) |
| With complications | 3 (1.0) | 3 (1.1) |
| Liver disease | ||
| Mild | 1 (0.3) | 2 (0.7) |
| Moderate or severe | 1 (0.3) | 0 |
| Kidney disease (moderate or severe) | 4 (1.4) | 6 (2.2) |
| Ventricular ulcer | 0 | 1 (0.4) |
| Cancer | 242 (84.0) | 235 (84.8) |
| Metastatic malignancy | 20 (6.9) | 14 (5.1) |
| No comorbidities | 20 (6.9) | 21 (7.6) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Indexj | ||
| Mild (0-2) | 198 (68.8) | 187 (67.5) |
| Moderate (3-4) | 62 (21.6) | 68 (24.6) |
| Severe (≥5) | 28 (9.8) | 22 (7.9) |
| Score, median (IQR) | 2.0 (2.0-3.0) | 2.0 (2.0-3.0) |
| High-risk medication | ||
| Aspirin | 28 (9.7) | 25 (9.0) |
| Clopidogrel | 8 (2.8) | 3 (1.1) |
| Warfarin | 8 (2.8) | 5 (1.8) |
| Low-molecular-weight heparin | 4 (1.4) | 4 (1.4) |
| Direct oral anticoagulant | 14 (4.9) | 19 (6.9) |
| ≥2 Medications that affect thrombosis (antithrombotic or anticoagulant) | 7 (2.4) | 4 (1.4) |
| Immunosuppressive medication or corticosteroid | 9 (3.1) | 6 (2.2) |
| NSAID | 4 (1.4) | 1 (0.4) |
| No high-risk medication | 206 (71.5) | 210 (75.8) |
| Previous abdominal or inguinal operation | 132 (45.8) | 126 (45.5) |
Abbreviations: ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; ASO, arteriosclerosis obliterans; BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; MBP, mechanical bowel preparation; MOABP, mechanical and oral antibiotics bowel preparation; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; TIA, transient ischemic attack.
SI conversion factors: To convert CEA from nanogram per mililiter to microgram per liter, multiply by 1; to convert albumin to grams per liter, multiply by 10; to convert hemoglobin from grams per deciliter to grams per liter, multiply by 10.
Patients with missing data for each variable were not included in calculations.
Hypoalbuminemia defined as an albumin level less than 3.6 g/dL.
Data missing for 15 patients.
Data missing for 8 patients.
Anemia defined as a hemoglobin level less than 11.7 g/dL in females and less than 13.4 g/dL in males.
Data missing for 5 patients; only patients with rectal cancer (n = 261) included.
Data missing for 3 patients; only patients with rectal cancer (n = 250) included.
Data missing for 1 patient.
Scores range from 1 to 4, with 1 indicating a healthy patient and 4 indicating a patient with severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life.
Scores range from 0 to 29, with higher scores indicating greater severity.