Table 2.

Case reports with Scedosporium in immunocompetent individuals between 1982 and 2022

No	Reference	Patient (Age/Sex)	Country	Initial event	Risk factors	Signs and Symptoms	Period after the initial event	Affected parts	Identification of Scedosporium	Method of identification	Antifungal treatment	Treatment Duration	Outcome
1	Hung LH et al., 1993 [9]	32/M	USA	Trauma	None	Pain and swelling in the left knee	6 years	Knee and proximal tibia	S. boydii	Culture	KETO	Not mentioned	Improved
2	Rüchel R et al., 1995 [10]	21/M	Germany	Near-drowning	None	Fever, drowsiness, spastic paralysis	c. 1 week	Brain, heart	S. apiospermum	Culture and Microscopy	Flucytosine + FLU	26 days	Death
3	Khurshid A et al., 1999 [11]	61/F	USA	None	Bullous emphysema	Weight loss, night sweats, cough, fever, and hemoptysis	Not applicable	Lung,heart, liver, spleen, kidney, pancreas, and brain	S. boydii	Culture	AmB	Unknown	Death
4	Poza G et al., 2000 [12]	24/M	Spain	Surgical operation	None	Headache, back pain	c. 1 month	CNS	S. boydii	Culture	VCZ	1 year	Improved
5	Tirado-Miranda R et al., 2001 [13]	32/M	Spain	Traffic accident	None	Fever, swelling and pain in the knee	53 days	Right knee	S. aurantiacum	Culture	1)AmB 2)ITRA	Not mentioned	Improved
6	Kiraz N et al., 2001 [14]	24/F	Turkey	None	None	Enlarged cervical lymph nodes	Not applicable	Lymph nodes	S. apiospermum	Culture and Microscopy	ITRA	1 year	Improved
7	Levine NB et al., 2002 [15]	52/M	USA	None	None	Thoracolumbar spinal pain, hemoptysis	Not applicable	Spinal column	S. apiospermum	Culture	ITRA	Not mentioned	Death
8	Farina C et al., 2002 [16]	23/M	Italy	Traffic accident	None	Purulent secretions	3 days	Skull	S. apiospermum	Culture	AmB	21 days	Improved
9	Chakraborty A et al., 2005 [17]	1.5/M	UK	Near-drowning	None	Low-grade fever, unconsciousness, grand mal seizures	3 months	Brain	S. apiospermum	Culture	1)ITRA 2)AmB 3)VCZ	c. 18 months	Improved
10	Kooijman CM et al., 2007 [18]	36/M	The Netherlands	Trauma	None	Fistula and abscess	c. 11 weeks	Femur	S. aurantiacum	Culture	VCZ	8 weeks	Improved
11	Leechawengwongs M et al., 2007 [19]	21/M	Thailand	Traffic accident, near-drowning	None	Headache, unconsciousness	14 days	Brain	S. apiospermum	Culture	1)AmB + CASPO 2)VCZ	23 months	Improved
12	Stripeli F et al., 2009 [20]	10/F	Greece	Trauma	None	Knee swelling and pain	c. 2 months	Left knee	S. apiospermum	Culture and Sequencing	1)AmB 2)VCZ	6 moths	Improved
13	Al-Jehani H et al., 2010 [21]	33/M	Canada	Extra-Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation	Neutropenia	Fever, decreased movement, partial seizure	c. 14 days	Brain	S. apiospermum	Culture	VCZ	1 week	Death
14	Hell M et al., 2011 [22]	16/M	Austria	Trauma	None	Soft tissue healing defect, persisting fistula	c. 3 weeks	Bone, muscle	S. apiospermum	Culture	VCZ	c. 6 months	Improved
15	Cumbo-Nacheli G et al., 2012 [23]	62/F	USA	None	Mycobacterium avium complex infection history	Fever, dyspnea, cough, and worsening pulmonary nodules	Not applicable	Lung	S. boydii	Pathological examination	VCZ	Not mentioned	Improved
16	Angelini A, Drago G et al., 2013 [24]	27/F	Italy	Suffered tsunami	None	Pain in the knee	2 years	Left knee	S. apiospermum	Culture and Sequencing	1)VCZ 2)POSA + TERB	> 1 year	Improved
17	Wilson HL et al., 2013 [25]	69/M	Australia	None	Silicosis, COPD	Headache, fever, lethargy, nausea and vomiting	Not applicable	Brain	S. apiospermum	Culture, Microscopy and Sequencing	1)ABLC 2)VCZ 3)CASPO	c. 2 months	Death
18	Cruysmans C et al., 2015 [26]	7/M	UK	Trauma	None	low-grade fever, lethargy, weakness of lower limb	5 moths	Endorachis	S. apiospermum	Culture	VCZ	1 year	Improved
19	Rahman FU et al., 2016 [27]	40/M	Pakistan	None	Pulmonary TB history	Cough, hemopty	Not applicable	Lung	S. apiospermum	Culture and Microscopy	VCZ	4 moths	Improved
20	Dinh A et al., 2018 [28]	57/M	France	None	None	Iterative fractures	Not applicable	Tibial pseudarthrosis	S. apiospermum	Culture and MALDI-TOF	VCZ	6 moths	Improved
21	Tan SYL et al., 2020 [29]	39/M	China	Percutaneous driveline tugged	Left ventricular assist devices equipping	Fever, local pustular lesion	c. 2 months	Blood stream	S. apiospermum	Culture and Sequencing	Not able to take	Not applicable	Death
22	Jabr R et al., 2020 [30]	72/M	USA	Peripherally inserted central catheter placement	Pulmonary arterial hypertension	Fever, intermittent hemoptysis, worsening shortness of breath	c. 1 month	Blood stream	S. apiospermum	Culture	1)VCZ 2)ABLC 3)TERB	7 months	Improved
23	Liu W et al., 2020 [31]	44/M	China	None	None	Hemoptysis	Not applicable	Lung	S. apiospermum	Culture and Microscopy	VCZ	c. 11 months	Improved
24	Mir WAY et al., 2021 [32]	83/F	USA	None	Chronic atrial fibrillation, COPD	Shortness of breath, cough with blood-tinged sputum, fatigue	Not applicable	Lung	S. apiospermum	Culture	VCZ	6 moths	Improved
25	Ghasemian R et al., 2021 [33]	67/F	Iran	Near-drowning	None	Fever, respiratory distress	7 days	Lung	S. aurantiacum	Culture and Sequencing	1)VCZ 2)ABLC	6 days	Death
26	Song Y et al., 2022 [34]	56/M	China	Inhalation of Biogas	None	Nausea, vomiting, haemoptysis, fever	10 days	Lung	S. apiospermum	Culture and MALDI-TOF	1)VCZ 2)ABLC	230 days	Improved
27	Shi XW et al., 2022 [35]	60/M	China	None	None	Lumbosacral pain, stooped back, restricted walking	Not applicable	Lumbar vertebra	S. apiospermum	Culture	VCZ	6 moths	Improved
28	This study	70/M	China	Near-drowning	None	Fever, chest tightness, shortness of breath, dizziness	c. 1 month	Lung, brain and spine	S. apiospermum, S. boydii	mNGS	VCZ	6 months	Improved

S. apiospermum: Scedosporium apiospermum, S. aurantiacum: Scedosporium aurantiacum, S.boydii: Scedosporium boydii

M Male, F Female, ABLC Amphotericin B (Lipid Complex), AmB Amphotericin B deoxycholate, CASPO Caspofungin, FLU Fluconazole, ITRA Itraconazole, KETO Ketoconazole, POSA Posaconazole, TERB Terbinafine, VCZ Voriconazole