Table 1.
Study Characteristics of 2004–2014 Prostate Cancer Cases in Pennsylvania, According to Geographical Area of Residence at the Time of Diagnosis
| Overall (N=94,274) | Rural Appalachia (N=11,941) | Urban Appalachia (N=31,886) | Urban Non-Appalachia (N=50,447) | P-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Age at Diagnosis in Years | <0.001 | ||||
| Mean (SD, Range) | 66.38 (9.38, 40–105) | 67.22 (9.29, 40–105) | 66.77 (9.46, 40–105) | 65.94 (9.32, 40–99) | |
| Median (25th–75th Percentile) | 66 (60–73) | 67 (61–74) | 66 (60–73) | 66 (59–73) | |
|
| |||||
| Race N (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| White | 79066 (83.87) | 11544 (96.68) | 29010 (90.98) | 38512 (76.34) | |
| Black | 10067 (10.68) | 163 (1.37) | 1923 (6.03) | 7981 (15.82) | |
| Other | 1022 (1.08) | 46 (0.39) | 189 (0.59) | 787 (1.56) | |
| Unknown | 4119 (4.37) | 188 (1.57) | 764 (2.40) | 3167 (6.28) | |
|
| |||||
| Ethnicity N (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Hispanic | 1309 (1.39) | 53 (0.44) | 178 (0.56) | 1078 (2.14) | |
| Non-Hispanic | 80271 (85.15) | 10444 (87.46) | 26380 (82.73) | 43447 (86.12) | |
| Unknown | 12694 (13.47) | 1444 (12.09) | 5328 (16.71) | 5922 (11.74) | |
|
| |||||
| Insurance N (%) | 0.53 | ||||
| Insured | 76737 (81.40) | 9898 (82.89) | 26615 (83.47) | 40224 (79.74) | |
| Uninsured | 443 (0.47) | 62 (0.52) | 143 (0.45) | 238 (0.47) | |
| Unknown | 17094 (18.13) | 1981 (16.59) | 5128 (16.08) | 9985 (19.79) | |
|
| |||||
| Serum PSA (ng/mL) | <0.001 | ||||
| Mean (SD, Range) | 12.21 (19.03, 0.1–98.0) | 12.55 (19.00, 0.1–98.0) | 12.54 (19.33, 0.1–98.0) | 11.93 (18.84, 0.1–98.0) | |
| Median (25th–75th Percentile) | 6.00 (4.40, 9.80) | 6.10 (4.50, 10.20) | 6.10 (4.50, 10.00) | 5.80 (4.30, 9.50) | |
| Unknown N | 11963 | 1250 | 4226 | 6487 | |
|
| |||||
| Gleason Score N (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| 6 | 40762 (43.24) | 5464 (45.76) | 13301 (41.71) | 21997 (43.60) | |
| 7 | 37531 (39.81) | 4467 (37.41) | 12672 (39.74) | 20392 (40.42) | |
| 8–10 | 15525 (16.47) | 1944 (16.28) | 5773 (18.11) | 7808 (15.48) | |
| Unknown | 456 (0.48) | 66 (0.55) | 140 (0.44) | 250 (0.50) | |
|
| |||||
| Tumor Stage N (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| T1 | 37957 (40.26) | 5138 (43.03) | 13437 (42.14) | 19382 (38.42) | |
| T2 | 41341 (43.85) | 5117 (42.85) | 13544 (42.48) | 22680 (44.96) | |
| T3 | 8539 (9.06) | 983 (8.23) | 2912 (9.13) | 4644 (9.21) | |
| T4 | 1338 (1.42) | 186 (1.56) | 481 (1.51) | 671 (1.33) | |
| Unknown | 5099 (5.41) | 517 (4.33) | 1512 (4.74) | 3070 (6.09) | |
|
| |||||
| Distant Metastasis N (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 3580 (3.80) | 482 (4.04) | 1384 (4.34) | 1714 (3.40) | |
| No | 82355 (87.36) | 10272 (86.02) | 27765 (87.08) | 44318 (87.85) | |
| Unknown | 8339 (8.85) | 1187 (9.94) | 2737 (8.58) | 4415 (8.75) | |
|
| |||||
| Stage of Aggressiveness N (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Less Aggressive | 56121 (59.53) | 7226 (60.51) | 18536 (58.13) | 30359 (60.18) | |
| More Aggressive | 30931 (32.81) | 3670 (30.73) | 11039 (34.62) | 16222 (32.16) | |
| Unknown | 7222 (7.66) | 1045 (8.75) | 2311 (7.25) | 3866 (7.66) | |
|
| |||||
| Lymph Node Positive N (%) | 0.11 | ||||
| No | 81875 (86.85) | 10236 (85.72) | 27499 (86.24) | 44140 (87.50) | |
| Yes | 2327 (2.47) | 291 (2.44) | 828 (2.60) | 1208 (2.39) | |
| Unknown | 10072 (10.68) | 1414 (11.84) | 3559 (11.16) | 5099 (10.11) | |
|
| |||||
| Definitive Treatment Received N (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 69334 (73.55) | 8102 (67.85) | 22610 (70.91) | 38622 (76.56) | |
| No | 22707 (24.09) | 3658 (30.63) | 8641 (27.10) | 10408 (20.63) | |
| Unknown | 2233 (2.37) | 181 (1.52) | 635 (1.99) | 1417 (2.81) | |
|
| |||||
| Definitive Treatment Regimen N (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Radiation Only | 35373 (37.52) | 4244 (35.54) | 11440 (35.88) | 19689 (39.03) | |
| Primary Site Surgery Only | 31985 (33.93) | 3628 (30.38) | 10606 (33.26) | 17751 (35.19) | |
| Both | 1976 (2.10) | 230 (1.93) | 564 (1.77) | 1182 (2.34) | |
| Neither | 22707 (24.09) | 3658 (30.63) | 8641 (27.10) | 10408 (20.63) | |
| Unknown | 2233 (2.37) | 181 (1.52) | 635 (1.99) | 1417 (2.81) | |
Note: SD = Standard Deviation; PSA = prostate-specific antigen; N = number of cases; Rural refers to Non-Metro Rural-Urban Continuum Code (RUCC); Urban refers to Metro RUCC; Other races include Asian, American Indian, and Pacific Islander; Tumor stage was based on TNM 7; Primary site surgery refers only to total organ resection (radical prostatectomy NOS, total prostatectomy NOS, prostatectomy with resection in continuity with other organs, prostatectomy NOS); Definitive treatment received refers to any treatment regimen involving radiation or primary site surgery; and, “Unknown” refers to variable documented as unknown or missing data.