Interplay of ESX-1 and ESX-3 in host-pathogen interactions. ESX-1 is essential for the bacterial phagosome-to-cytosol transition by involving a cGAS/STING/TBK1/IRF-3/type I interferon signalling axis and AIM2 and NLRP3 inflammasome activities. In an ESX-1-dependent manner, the ESCRT machinery is recruited to phagosomes, while ESX-3 effectors (EsxG-EsxH) antagonize the host damage response by blocking the recruitment of HRS, ESCRT-III, and GAL3. The scheme is adapted from reference 11, with some additions from reference 81, with permission.