Table 3.
Effects of objective indicators of local economic context on satisfaction with financial situation among the young (standardized coefficients from multilevel ordered probit models).
| Model (1) | Model (2) | Model (3) | Model (4) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agree: easy to find job (individual) | 0.147*** | 0.182*** | ||
| (0.000) | (0.000) | |||
| Agree: easy to find job (city-year) | 0.092*** | 0.097*** | ||
| (0.000) | (0.000) | |||
| Unemployed (indiv., ref. manager) | −0.267*** | −0.257*** | ||
| (0.000) | (0.000) | |||
| Unemployment rate (city-year) | −0.070** | −0.104*** | ||
| (0.005) | (0.001) | |||
| Agree: easy to find housing (indiv.) | 0.153*** | 0.139*** | 0.116*** | 0.138*** |
| (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | |
| Agree: easy to find housing (city-year) | −0.044 | 0.013 | −0.011 | |
| (0.145) | (0.649) | (0.710) | ||
| Rent prices | 0.046 | |||
| (0.241) | ||||
| Satisfaction with services (individual) | 0.225*** | 0.216*** | 0.171*** | 0.196*** |
| (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | |
| Satisfaction with services (city-year) | 0.079*** | 0.083** | 0.046* | 0.067** |
| (0.001) | (0.006) | (0.028) | (0.002) | |
| Difficulties paying bills: never (ref.) | 0.000 | |||
| (.) | ||||
| Difficulties paying bills: time to time | −0.267*** | |||
| (0.000) | ||||
| Difficulties paying bills: always | −0.426*** | |||
| (0.000) | ||||
| Population | −0.005 | −0.004 | 0.014 | −0.030 |
| (0.828) | (0.886) | (0.495) | (0.160) | |
| GDP per capita | 0.063* | 0.033 | 0.035 | 0.059* |
| (0.043) | (0.377) | (0.224) | (0.042) | |
| Educational inequality | 0.029 | |||
| (coeff. of variation) | (0.158) | |||
| Individual controls | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Year dummies | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Variance city-year level | 0.037 | 0.039 | 0.032 | 0.034 |
| N | 27,193 | 20,742 | 27,634 | 28,361 |
| Number of city-years | 190 | 144 | 205 | 205 |
| Log-likelihood | −30418.7 | −23110.1 | −29439.3 | −31544.2 |
| LR test | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Standardized beta coefficients; p-values in parentheses, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.