TABLE 2.

Potential therapeutic targets/strategies in the pathogenesis of DN.

Targets	Strategies	Mechanism of action	Effect on DN	References(s)
COX	COX-2 inhibition	Reduces glomerular hyperfiltration	Reduces glomerulosclerosis	Komers et al. (2001), Dey et al. (2004)
	EP1 receptor inhibition	Inhibits transcriptional activation of TGF-β and fibronectin	Reduces mesangial expansion, improves kidney and glomerular hypertrophy	Makino et al. (2002)
	TX synthase inhibition	Decreases the production of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1	Reduces the incidence of intraglomerular thrombi and glomerulosclerosis	Xu et al. (2006)
	TP receptor inhibition	Attenuates various markers of oxidative stress and inflammation	Improves histological changes	Xu et al. (2006)
LOX	LOX inhibition	Reduces p38 MAPK protein and collagen a5(IV) mRNA in podocyte	Reduces ECM expansion, glomerular hypertrophy and albuminuria	Yuan et al. (2008)
CYP450	CYP4A inhibition	Downregulates of Nox1 and Nox4 protein and mRNA expression and inhibits of NADPH oxidase activity	Attenuates albuminuria and reduces podocyte loss, apoptosis and foot process effacement	Williams et al. (2007)