Table 2.

10-year risk for first incident hip and major osteoporotic fracture and 10-year mortality risk in the probable osteosarcopenia and low bone mass groups. The low bone mass group is compared to the normal reference and to probable osteosarcopenia

	OSprob		Low Bone Mass		Low Bone Mass
	(ref normal)		(ref normal)		(ref OSprob)
	HR [95% CI]	p-value	HR [95% CI]	p-value	HR [95% CI]	p-value
1st incident fracture
Hip
Unadjusted	2.89 [1.48–5.65]	0.002	1.56 [0.89–2.74]	0.119	0.54 [0.33–0.89]	0.016
Adjusted*	2.67 [1.34–5.32]	0.005	1.62 [0.92–2.85]	0.094	0.61 [0.36–1.03]	0.064
Major Osteoporotic
Unadjusted	2.13 [1.35–3.38]	0.001	2.05 [1.44–2.91]	< 0.001	0.96 [0.67–1.37]	0.819
Adjusted*	2.04 [1.27–3.27]	0.003	2.08 [1.46–2.97]	< 0.001	1.02 [0.70–1.48]	0.911
Mortality
10-year mortality
Unadjusted	2.26 [1.46–3.51]	< 0.001	1.07 [0.75–1.55]	0.703	0.48 [0.334–0.675]	< 0.001
Adjusted**	1.91 [1.21–3.04]	0.006	0.94 [0.64–1.38]	0.76	0.49 [0.339–0.714]	< 0.001

Bold values indicate statistical significance (p < 0.05)

Hazard Ratio (HR) using Cox regression. Probable osteosarcopenia (low bone mass plus confirmed sarcopenia or probable sarcopenia)

^*Adjusted for vitamin-D, alcohol, and polypharmacy (≥ 3 medications)

^**Adjusted for smoking, alcohol, polypharmacy, albumin, and CRP