Table 2.
Nutrient and food consumption according to quintiles of the dietary polyphenol intake.
| Dietary polyphenol intake | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quintile1 | Quintile2 | Quintile3 | Quintile4 | Quintile5 | P valuea | |
| Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | ||
| Energy intake (kcal/d)b | 2182.5 (2158.0, 2206.9) | 2731.9 (2705.4, 2758.5) | 3073.2 (3044.0, 3102.5) | 3187.8 (3064.6, 3274.9) | 3376.9 (3236.1, 3485.2) | < 0.001 |
| Diet inflammatory index | 1.30 (1.2, 1.3) | 0.21 (0.13, 0.28) | − 0.39 (− 0.44, − 0.31) | − 0.94 (− 1.02, − 0.87) | − 1.17 (− 1.24, − 1.09) | < 0.001 |
| Carbohydrate intake (g/d) | 513.2 (498.3, 523.3) | 527.1 (517.7, 530.6) | 531.0 (523.8, 538.2) | 534.4 (527.0, 541.8) | 546.6 (519.2, 553.9) | 0.02 |
| Protein intake (g/d) | 96.32 (95.0, 97.6) | 97.12 (95.7–98.4) | 96.00 (94.7, 97.2) | 96.87 (95.5, 98.1) | 98.62 (94.3, 99.9) | 0.48 |
| Total fat intake (g/d) | 64.44 (62.1, 65.7) | 67.83 (66.5, 69.1) | 69.66 (67.4, 70.3) | 71.4 (69.5–73.6) | 73.9 (71.8–74.9) | 0.01 |
| Cholesterol intake (g/d) | 235.4 (229.7, 241.2) | 236.6 (230.7, 242.4) | 234.2 (228.7, 239.6) | 236.8 (231.2, 242.5) | 238.4 (222.6, 244.3) | 0.23 |
| Saturated fats (g/d) | 23.9 (22.5, 24.8) | 25.38 (24.7, 26.0) | 24.71 (24.0, 25.3) | 25.42 (24.7, 26.1) | 26.35 (23.6, 27.0) | 0.11 |
| Polyunsaturated fats (g/d) | 13.28 (13.1, 13.6) | 13.41 (13.18, 13.6) | 13.68 (13.4, 13.9) | 13.71 (13.4, 13.9) | 13.82 (13.5, 14.0) | 0.03 |
| Monounsaturated fats (g/d) | 19.11 (18.9, 19.9) | 20.41 (20.0, 20.8) | 20.13 (19.7, 20.5) | 20.45 (19.8, 20.7) | 21.11 (20.7, 21.5) | 0.02 |
| Fiber intake (g/d) | 33.03 (32.5, 33.5) | 33.78 (33.2, 34.2) | 35.77 (33.2, 36.2) | 35.91 (34.0, 36.8) | 36.25 (34.8, 37.5) | 0.19 |
| Vegetables (g/d) | 569.8 (562.3, 585.2) | 579.2 (567.2, 591.1) | 589.2 (577.5, 601.0) | 591.3 (578.8, 603.7) | 598.4 (582.1, 606.7) | 0.04 |
| Fruits (g/d) | 439.1 (428.0, 450.2) | 446.5 (434.8, 458.1) | 454.2 (442.5, 465.8) | 462.0 (449.4, 471.6) | 469.6 (457.8, 480.4) | 0.02 |
| Legumes (g/d) | 36.91 (35.6, 38.1) | 36.44 (35.2, 37.6) | 37.78 (36.5, 39.0) | 37.52 (35.3, 38.7) | 38.54 (35.3, 39.4) | 0.51 |
| Dairy products (g/d) | 292.5 (280.9, 304.0) | 295.8 (283.36, 308.2) | 301.0 (289.3, 312.6) | 301.2 (288.3, 314.0) | 305.1 (293.1, 317.0) | 0.62 |
| Fish and sea foods (g/d) | 32.45 (31.3, 33.5) | 33.21 (32.0, 34.4) | 32.84 (31.6, 33.9) | 31.98 (30.8, 33.1) | 32.99 (31.8, 34.1) | 0.60 |
| Red meat (g/d) | 17.03 (16.2, 17.7) | 17.15 (16.4, 17.8) | 16.96 (16.2, 17.6) | 16.71 (16.0, 17.4) | 15.69 (14.9, 16.3) | 0.03 |
| Refined grain (g/d) | 689.9 (678.6, 701.2) | 693.7 (682.1, 705.2) | 684.5 (673.6, 695.5) | 696.8 (685.4, 708.3) | 691.2 (679.7, 700.4) | 0.29 |
| Sodium intake (mg/day) | 3489.2 (3362.1, 3549.4) | 3412.4 (3353.6, 3567.8) | 3418.4 (3321.3, 3492.6) | 3292.16 (3185.2, 3352.4) | 3323.4 (3196.2, 3425.6) | 0.13 |
| Potassium intake (mg/day) | 3260.17 (3165.4, 3319.2) | 3319.5 (3244.3, 3429.4) | 3265.3 (3173.2, 3332.3) | 3343.2 (3221.3, 3422.3) | 3321.3 (3266.3, 3419.4) | 0.26 |
| Calcium intake (mg/day) | 923.46 (856.4, 984.7) | 942.3 (860.3, 973.4) | 968.2 (903.2, 1050.3) | 958.32 (932.1, 967.3) | 964.3 (948.2, 984.3) | 0.28 |
aP-values were determined using ANOVA test.
bData are given as means, with 95% CI in parentheses.