Table 3.
Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the relation between the dietary polyphenol subgroups intake and NAFLD.
| Variable | Variable in Quintile | P for trend | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quintile1 | Quintile2 | Quintile3 | Quintile4 | Quintile5 | ||
| Total polyphenols (mg/day) | (< 2993.14) | (2993.14–3714.8) | (3714.8–4510.7) | (4510.7–5730.1) | > 5730.1 | |
| OR1 (CI) | Ref | 0.88 (0.69–1.12) | 0.88 (0.70–1.12) | 0.83 (0.65–1.06) | 0.65 (0.50–0.84) | 0.007 |
| OR2 (CI) | Ref | 0.99 (0.74–1.32) | 0.95 (0.73–1.24) | 0.86 (0.70–1.16) | 0.72 (0.57–95) | 0.02 |
| Men | ||||||
| OR2 (CI) | Ref | 1.67 (0.94–2.94) | 1.12 (0.61–2.06) | 0.97 (0.73–1.37) | 0.89 (0.70–1.54) | 0.25 |
| Women | ||||||
| OR2 (CI) | Ref | 0.95 (0.68–1.34) | 0.86 (0.64–1.14) | 0.78 (0.57–1.06) | 0.64 (0.42–0.93) | 0.001 |
| Total Flavonoids (mg/day) | (< 145.5) | (145.57–197.6) | (197.69–258.4) | (258.48–350.90) | (> 350.9) | |
| OR1 (CI) | Ref | 1.29 (1.30–2.20) | 1.60 (1.23–2.09) | 1.43 (1.10–1.88) | 1.26 (0.96–1.67) | 0.47 |
| OR2 (CI) | Ref | 1.69 (1.29–2.21) | 1.67 (1.26–2.20) | 1.47 (1.10–1.96) | 1.35 (0.99–1.87) | 0.31 |
| Men | ||||||
| OR2 (CI) | Ref | 1.39 (0.80–2.41) | 1.48 (0.87–2.51) | 1.29 (0.75–2.22) | 1.11 (0.64–1.95) | 0.24 |
| Women | ||||||
| OR2 (CI) | Ref | 1.93 (1.41–2.62) | 1.69 (1.21–2.35) | 1.49 (1.05–2.11) | 1.24 (0.84–1.82) | 0.73 |
| Phenolic acids (mg/day) | (< 128.8) | (128.8–170-4) | (170.4–213.5) | (213.5–277.7) | (> 277.7) | |
| OR1 (CI) | Ref | 0.88 (0.70–1.13) | 0.88 (0.69–1.11) | 0.79 (0.62–1.01) | 0.67 (0.52–0.86) | < 0.001 |
| OR2 (CI) | Ref | 0.90 (0.71–1.16) | 0.94 (0.73–1.20) | 0.84 (0.65–1.09) | 0.72 (0.54–0.95) | < 0.001 |
| Men | ||||||
| OR2 (CI) | Ref | 0.93 (0.56–1.56) | 1.38 (0.85–2.24) | 1.05 (0.64–1.73) | 0.89 (0.54–1.46) | 0.69 |
| Women | ||||||
| OR2 (CI) | Ref | 0.91 (0.69–1.21) | 0.81 (0.60–1.09) | 0.78 (0.57–1.07) | 0.66 (0.46–0.89) | < 0.001 |
| Lignans (mg/day) | (< 1.33) | (1.34–1.93) | (1.94–2.73) | (2.74–4.18) | (> 4.19) | |
| OR1 (CI) | Ref | 1.15 (0.89–1.48) | 1.07 (0.83–1.39) | 0.88 (0.67–1.10) | 0.69 (0.52–0.87) | 0.001 |
| OR2 (CI) | Ref | 1.24 (0.85–1.68) | 1.11 (0.93–1.44) | 0.95 (0.95–1.66) | 0.78 (0.65–0.97) | 0.03 |
| Men | ||||||
| OR2 (CI) | Ref | 1.48 (0.90–2.45) | 0.91 (0.54–1.56) | 0.92 (0.56–1.73) | 0.83 (0.48–1.45) | 0.36 |
| Women | ||||||
| OR2 (CI) | ref | 1.27 (0.93–1.74) | 1.17 (0.82–1.68) | 0.97 (0.63–1.48) | 0.91 (0.56–1.39) | 0.12 |
1, crude odds ratio; 2, Odds ratio adjusted for age, energy intake (continuous), gender, smoking (yes or no), alcohol consumption (yes or no), physical activity levels, BMI (continuous), and education level.