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. 2024 Mar 21;10:28. doi: 10.1038/s41522-024-00502-y

Fig. 4. Dose-dependent cytokine responses from cervical and vaginal epithelial cells after 24 h exposure to L. crispatus, G. vaginalis, and M. mulieris bEVs.

Fig. 4

IL-8 expression measured by ELISA increases with increasing doses of bEVs from G. vaginalis and M. mulieris, but not L. crispatus and NYC culture medium (control), relative to nontreated (a) ectocervical, (b) endocervical, and (c) vaginal epithelial cells. d Exposure to bacterial EVs does not induce significant changes in lactate dehydrogenase release. 29-plex Luminex array identified a multi-cytokine response to bEVs from G. vaginalis and M. mulieris, but not L. crispatus, expressed as fold-changes relative to NYC culture medium control-treated (e) ectocervical, (f) endocervical, and (g) vaginal epithelial cells (n = 3 per treatment). Error bars indicate standard deviation and asterisks indicate adjusted p-values < 0.05 (*), < 0.01 (**), < 0.001 (***), and <0 .0001 (****) via one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s correction for multiple comparisons.