TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| Author | Year | Number of patients | Age (years) | Gender (male/female) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention group | Control group | Intervention group | Control group | Intervention group | Control group | ||
| Meng | 2022 | 50 | 50 | 61.35 ± 3.78 | 62.15 ± 3.64 | 29/21 | 28/22 |
| Wu | 2018 | 50 | 50 | 56.70 ± 4.30 | 56.60 ± 4.30 | 28/22 | 26/24 |
| Chang | 2023 | 42 | 41 | 53.65 ± 2.04 | 53.66 ± 2.09 | 35/7 | 34/7 |
| Yang | 2022 | 39 | 38 | 65.46 ± 7.46 | 66.68 ± 7.24 | 21/18 | 22/16 |
| Zhao (a) | 2022 | 65 | 65 | 53.56 ± 8.92 | 54.12 ± 9.12 | 44/21 | 40/25 |
| Zheng | 2015 | 40 | 40 | 51.40 ± 5.0 | 52.30 ± 5.20 | 27/13 | 28/12 |
| Xiong | 2023 | 30 | 30 | 52.24 ± 5.02 | 51.76 ± 4.85 | 16/14 | 18/12 |
| Zeng | 2022 | 40 | 40 | 45.16 ± 3.12 | 45.34 ± 3.18 | 21/19 | 23/17 |
| Li (a) | 2019 | 36 | 36 | 58.40 ± 5.80 | 59.60 ± 6.20 | 25/11 | 23/13 |
| Liu (a) | 2021 | 62 | 57 | 45.82 ± 7.02 | 46.18 ± 8.12 | 37/25 | 31/26 |
| Liu (b) | 2023 | 49 | 49 | 57.03 ± 6.39 | 56.89 ± 6.34 | 34/15 | 32/17 |
| Li (b) | 2019 | 80 | 80 | 51.89 ± 5.32 | 52.06 ± 5.26 | 45/35 | 43/37 |
| Chen (a) | 2020 | 18 | 18 | 67.9 ± 11.9 | 67.5 ± 12.5 | 12/6 | 12/6 |
| Chen (b) | 2020 | 30 | 30 | 42 ± 8 | 42 ± 7 | 15/15 | 15/15 |
| Zhang (a) | 2023 | 51 | 51 | 46.34 ± 6.01 | 49.48 ± 6.71 | 57/45 | |
| Zhang (b) | 2018 | 30 | 30 | 49.8 ± 8.6 | 49.5 ± 8.7 | 15/15 | 17/13 |
| Xiong | 2023 | 30 | 30 | 56.89 ± 5.07 | 56.41 ± 5.13 | 14/16 | 16/14 |
| 2021 | 50 | 50 | 53.6 ± 5.6 | 54.2 ± 5.4 | 28/22 | 31/19 | |
| Zong | 2018 | 50 | 50 | 51.2 ± 5.3 | 52.2 ± 5.5 | 27/23 | 26/24 |
| Sun | 2023 | 41 | 41 | 60.37 ± 3.26 | 61.28 ± 3.45 | 24/17 | 26/15 |